To cite this article: Pnina Werbner (2009) Dialogical subjectivities for hard times: expanding political and ethical imaginaries of subaltern and elite Batswana women, African Identities, 7:3, 299-325, Tracing the careers of three Batswana women leaders, two of them trade unionists and one a public servant who became, first, a politician and then an international civil servant, the article explores ideas of ethical leadership in Botswana and argues that leadership is to be understood as essentially dialogical, linked to notions of dignity and responsibility, while activism has created an impetus for the women to expand their cosmopolitan political imaginaries. The article responds to feminist poststructuralist arguments regarding the possibility of gendered agency and ethical subjectivity. While rejecting Michel Foucault's 'negative paradigm' in favour of a more dialogical understanding of subjectivity, it argues that an alternative reading of Foucault's later work may provide insight into an ethics of the other, beyond the self.