Life‐history traits related to diapause in univoltine and bivoltine populations of Ypthima multistriata (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) inhabiting similar latitudes

Abstract

In most temperate insects, diapause strategies and voltinism generally exhibit latitudinal clines, supporting the concept that they represent adaptations to climate. In contrast, in the satyrine butterfly Ypthima multistriata Butler, local populations with different voltinism patterns are geographically intermingled, suggesting that life-history traits related to diapause may differ even between geographically and phylogenetically close populations. In this study, we experimentally examined the critical photoperiod for diapause induction and the larval developmental period in two univoltine and two bivoltine populations of Y. multistriata, all of which inhabit virtually the same latitude (34.652-34.750°N). We found that the critical photoperiod for diapause induction was longer in the univoltine populations than in the bivoltine populations. Moreover, the larval period under the long day length treatment was different among populations in both sexes, although significant differences were also detected between populations with the same voltinism. These results indicate that in Y. multistriata, life-history traits related to diapause can not be attributed merely to climatic conditions such as temperature or day length, which depend largely on latitude. Therefore, we suggest that biotic elements, such as leaf toughness, as well as abiotic elements should be taken into account in attempts to explain the enigmatic pattern of geographic variation in the diapause strategies of Y. multistriata.

Diapause induction and relaxed selection on alternative developmental pathways in a butterfly

“…By exploring the effects of such relaxed selection, it is possible to study the importance of ongoing selection for upholding adaptive developmental plasticity in the form of pathway‐specific regulation of life‐history traits. Some recent studies suggest that populations experiencing relaxed selection on the direct pathway show significantly reduced differences among pathways in growth and developmental rates, which indicates that this type of differentiation in bivoltine populations is contingent on ongoing selection (Noriyuki, Akiyama & Nishida ; Aalberg Haugen, Berger & Gotthard ; Välimäki, Kivelä & Mäenpää ; Välimäki et al . ).…”

“…By exploring the effects of such relaxed selection, it is possible to study the importance of ongoing selection for upholding adaptive developmental plasticity in the form of pathway-specific regulation of life-history traits. Some recent studies suggest that populations experiencing relaxed selection on the direct pathway show significantly reduced differences among pathways in growth and developmental rates, which indicates that this type of differentiation in bivoltine populations is contingent on ongoing selection (Noriyuki, Akiyama & Nishida 2011;Aalberg Haugen, Berger & Gotthard 2012; V€ alim€ aki, Kivel€ a & M€ aenp€ a€ a 2013; V€ alim€ aki et al 2013). Moreover, it has also been suggested that sexual differences in larval growth due to selection for protandry (the earlier adult emergence of males) may be particularly affected by relaxed selection on the direct pathway (Aalberg Haugen, Berger & Gotthard 2012).…”

Variability of photosensitive period and voltinism among populations of a butterfly, Ypthima multistriata, inhabiting similar latitudes and altitudes

“…Unlike most temperate insect species, the number of generations of the butterfly differs even among populations located at similar latitudes and altitudes. There are four types of voltinism in Japan: bivoltine with adult emergence in June and September, univoltine with adult emergence in June, univoltine with adult emergence in July, and multivoltine (Noriyuki et al, ). Bivoltine is the most common voltinism in Japan.…”

Life History Traits and Damage Potential of an Invasive Pest Acharia fusca (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) on Oil Palm

“…Temperature has a strong effect on reproduction and development rates of in sects and has been studied in different species of Lepidoptera, such as Anticarsia gemmatalis Hiibner (Noctuidae), Aricia agestis Denis & Schiffermiiller (Lycaenidae), and Ypthima multistriata Butler (Satyridae) (Burke et al 2005, Noriyuki et al 2011, Da Silva et al 2012.…”