Life's recurring challenges and the fundamental dimensions: An integration and its implications for cultural differences and similarities

Ybarra, Oscar; Chan, Emily; Park, Hyekyung; Burnstein, Eugene; Monin, Benoît; Stanik, Christine E.

doi:10.1002/ejsp.559

Cited by 114 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recent evidence suggests that lay conceptualizations of warmth are more stable and consistent across cultures, which may also help to explain why warmth is primary. For example, in studies comparing ratings by U.S. and Hong Kong participants, construals of warmth were more stable across cultures and contexts; competence inferences varied more (Ybarra et al, 2008). Additionally, in intergroup situations, people perceive warmth information as more stable and accurate than competence information (Kenworthy & Tausch, 2008).…”

Section: The Primacy Of Warmth Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations

Cuddy¹,

Glick

Beninger³

2011

Research in Organizational Behavior

526

550

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Section: The Primacy Of Warmth Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations

Cuddy¹,

Glick

Beninger³

2011

Research in Organizational Behavior

526

550

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“…As already mentioned, being a member of social groups and relationships is only one of the two basic challenges of human life, the other being an agentic pursuing of individual goals (Ybarra et al, 2008). There is no a priori reason why self-esteem should be connected only to one of these two universal tasks.…”

Section: Rethinking Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are strong correlations between how much a trait conveys agency, morality, individualism, and masculinity on the one hand, and how much a trait conveys communion, competence, collectivism, and femininity on the other (Abele & Wojciszke, 2007). In effect, agency and communion constitute two separate clusters of meaning which capture two recurring challenges of human life -pursuing individual goals and being a member of social groups and relationships (Ybarra, Chan, Park, Burnstein, Monin & Stanik, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agency versus Communion as Predictors of Self-esteem: Searching for the Role of Culture and Self-construal

Wojciszke¹,

Białobrzeska²

2014

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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Two hypotheses concerning the relative importance of agentic versus communal traits as predictors of selfesteem were tested. The perspective hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by agency over communion because self-perceptions are formed from the agent (versus recipient) perspective. The culture hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by communal concerns in collectivistic cultures and by agentic concerns in individualistic cultures (echoed by individual differences in self-construal). Study 1 involving three samples from collectivistic countries and three from individualistic ones found that self-esteem was better predicted from self-ratings of agentic than communal traits, with the exception of collectivistic women for whom the two predictors were equal. Study 2 primed the interdependent or independent self and found self-ratings of agency to be better predictors of self-esteem than self-ratings of communion, with the exception of interdependence priming,where the two predictors were equal in strength.

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“…Furthermore, C is more important to the positive evaluation of the in-group and individuals' identification with their in-group is dependent on ascribing C rather than A to the in-group (Leach, Ellemers, & Barreto, 2007). Finally, C traits maintain more stable meanings across cultures and a majority of cultural universals in thought and action refer to C rather than A-related categories (Ybarra, Chan, Park, Burnstein, Monin, & Stanik, 2008). There are two major explanations of the bidimensionality of social cognition and the primacy of the C over A dimension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

The primacy of communion over agency and its reversals in evaluations

Wojciszke¹,

Abele

2008

Euro J Social Psych

227

214

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Agency (A) and communion (C) are basic dimensions of social judgment and C is typically more important than A. Building on the two-interest account of bidimensionality of social cognition, we hypothesized that this ''C over A'' pattern is typical for judging distant persons but is attenuated or even reversed when people judge the self or interdependent persons. In Study 1 we found that the construal of events leading to changes in a target's evaluation was different in dependence on perspective. There was a ''C over A'' pattern in case of distant others, but an ''A over C'' pattern in case of close friends or the self. In Study 2 we found that the degree of dependence on one's supervisor determined the ''C over A'' pattern, as well. C was more important for the supervisor's overall evaluation if there was no dependence, and conversely A was more important in case of dependence. The studies underline the theoretical significance of a social interaction perspective in social judgment, and particularly in judgments on the two basic dimensions. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.There is a remarkable consensus on the basic dimensions underlying judgments of self, persons, and groups Judd, James-Hawkins, Yzerbyt & Kashima, 2005). These dimensions are referred to by different names, such as agency versus communion (Abele, 2003;Bakan, 1966), socially versus intellectually good or bad (Rosenberg, Nelson, & Vivenkananthan, 1968), other-profitability versus self-profitability (Peeters, 1992, morality versus competence (Wojciszke, 2005), and warmth versus competence Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002). Despite differences in names, research suggests that these conceptual opposites overlap substantially (Abele & Wojciszke, 2007); most researchers agree that one of these dimensions (communion/warmth) pertains to functioning in social relations, while the other (agency/competence) refers to task functioning and goal achievement. Whereas the former involves qualities like warm, kind, helpful, honest, cooperative, and trustworthy (and their opposites), the latter involves qualities like efficient, competent, active, persistent, and energetic (and their opposites).Numerous studies have found that the communal (C) dimension is more important in person and group perception than the agency (A) dimension. C traits are identified faster in a lexical decision task than A ones (Ybarra, Chan, & Park, 2001) and chronically accessible descriptors of others pertain to C rather than A (Wojciszke, Bazinska, & Jaworski, 1998). When forming global impressions of others, people are more interested in gathering information on C than A, global impressions of real persons are better predicted from C than A trait ascriptions, and that positivity-negativity of evaluative impressions of target persons is based mainly on the C content of behavior, while A information serves only as a modifier of impression intensity. Furthermore, C is more important to the positive evaluation of the in-group and individuals' identification with their in-group...

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Life's recurring challenges and the fundamental dimensions: An integration and its implications for cultural differences and similarities

Cited by 114 publications

References 29 publications

The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations

The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations

Agency versus Communion as Predictors of Self-esteem: Searching for the Role of Culture and Self-construal

The primacy of communion over agency and its reversals in evaluations

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