Life-stage-specific differences in exploitation of food mixtures: diet mixing enhances copepod egg production but not juvenile development

Koski, Marja; Breteler, W. Klein; Schogt, N.; Gonzalez, Santiago R.; Jakobsen, Hans Henrik

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbl029

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Control and treatment water was prepared daily during the experiment. Before use, we added R. baltica ad libitum (600 μg C l −1 ) (Koski 2006) to the incubation water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator chemical cues increase growth and alter development in nauplii of a marine copepod

Bjærke¹,

Andersen²,

Titelman³

2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Copepods are a fundamental trophic link in the marine food web. While much attention has been devoted to the role of temperature and food for copepod development and growth, little is known about how marine copepods adjust their life history according to the prevailing predation risk. This is striking, considering the potential advantage of risk-sensitive life history, and the many reports of freshwater zooplankton showing strong effects of risk cues on growth and development. Here, we measured growth and development in nauplii of the marine copepod Temora longicornis. We incubated newly hatched nauplii individually with or without a predator chemical cue. Individuals were followed and measured repeatedly over time, generating highresolution data. We estimated treatment-specific stage transition probabilities from daily molting frequencies. The nauplii showed an increased growth rate when exposed to fish kairomones. However, the corresponding response in development differed between stages, with the later naupliar stages generally displaying a higher molting probability and higher body mass (ash-free dry weight) per stage. These results suggest that development and growth in marine copepods is flexible and sensitive to predation risk. Our findings also indicate that investment in growth might be beneficial in copepods despite higher visibility.

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“…Control and treatment water was prepared daily during the experiment. Before use, we added R. baltica ad libitum (600 μg C l −1 ) (Koski 2006) to the incubation water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator chemical cues increase growth and alter development in nauplii of a marine copepod

Bjærke¹,

Andersen²,

Titelman³

2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…This is also confirmed by molecule-specific stable nitrogen isotope measurements in amino acids (AAs) by which diazotroph nitrogen was identified in essential and nonessential AAs of zooplankton from the tropical North Atlantic (McClelland et al 2003). Although cyanobacteria are known to have a variety of negative effects on marine zooplankton, including reduced feeding, reduced egg production, and lethal effects due to toxicity, cyanobacteria may increase copepod fecundity by enhancing the nitrogen ration available to the animals (Schmidt and Jó nasdó ttir 1997; Koski et al 2006). Food quality is often quantified in terms of lipid rather than nitrogen content, leading to classification of cyanobacteria as poor food sources (Porter and Orcutt 1980) despite their high protein content (Vargas et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Direct grazing of diazotrophs via zooplankton appears to be uncommon; however, some copepod species are known to graze on the filamentous cyanobacteria Trichodesmium and Nodularia (O'Neil et al 1996;Koski et al 2002). The factors regulating rates of diazotroph consumption are not well understood (O'Neil et al 1996;Eberl and Carpenter 2007), although a number of factors, including toxicity, large size, and poor nutritional quality, tend to deter direct grazing by zooplankton (O'Neil 1999;Koski et al 2002). In contrast to measurements of grazing rate, the nitrogen isotopic composition of zooplankton in regions with high diazotroph abundance implies substantial transfer of diazotroph nitrogen into the food web (Loick et al 2007;Landrum et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Loick‐Wilde

Dutz

Miltner

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Eurytemora affinis (Copepoda) were fed 15 N-labeled Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta) or 15 N-labeled Nodularia spumigena (Cyanobacteria) in excess under controlled laboratory conditions. Zooplankton collected from the Baltic Sea were fed natural phytoplankton amended with 15 N-labeled N. spumigena. We quantified the direct incorporation of 15 N tracer from N 2 -fixing N. spumigena (diazotroph nitrogen) and ammonium-utilizing R. salina into the amino acid nitrogen (AA-N) of zooplankton using complementary gas chromatographycombustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and elemental analysisisotope ratio mass spectrometry approaches. Specific and mass-specific TN and AA-N incorporation rates of the 15 N tracers were calculated for zooplankton. Highest incorporation of 15 N was found in field zooplankton relying on N. spumigena and in E. affinis relying on R. salina. Lowest incorporation was found in E. affinis relying on N. spumigena. Decreasing specific and mass-specific rates during field experiments possibly were due to food shortage, whereas decreasing rates in E. affinis grazing on R. salina were more likely due to satiation. Specific and mass-specific rates were consistently low in E. affinis when exposed to N. spumigena, suggesting that these animals were reluctant to feed on N. spumigena. Essential isoleucine received most of the diazotroph nitrogen in field zooplankton, while nonessential amino acids received most 15 N tracer in E. affinis. N. spumigena was clearly an important amino acid nitrogen source for Baltic Sea zooplankton.

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“…These rates have been found to depend upon food quantity (e.g. Runge 1985, Peterson & Bellantoni 1987, Uye & Murase 1997, Koski et al 2006) and quality, for example, expressed as specific fatty acids (Evjemo et al 2008, Jónasdóttir et al 2009). EPR are also commonly found to be strongly temperature dependent (Ward & Hirst 2007, Liu & Hopcroft 2008, Bonnet et al 2009, Devreker et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal abundance and egg production rates of Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus elongatus in the northern North Sea: a first comparison of egg-ratio and incubation methods

Drif¹,

Hirst²,

Hay³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In this study, we examined egg production rates (EPR), clutch sizes, numbers of spawning females and prosome lengths of 2 common marine egg carrying copepods, Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus elongatus, over an annual cycle in the northern North Sea. For both species, we determined EPR using the incubation method, with rates being assessed after 24 (EPR 0 -24 ), 48 (EPR 0 -48 ), and between 24 and 48 h (EPR 24 -48 ) of incubation. For Oithona similis, EPR were also determined by applying the egg-ratio method EPR p , allowing a first ever comparison between these 2 approaches. In both species, mean rates of egg production from EPR 24 -48 incubations were lower on average than from EPR 0 -24 and EPR 0 -48 incubations; however, paired t-tests showed these differences to be insignificant (p > 0.05). In Oithona similis, the egg-ratio method EPR p gave higher rates (mean ± 95% CI: 1.06 ± 0.476 eggs female ) was significantly different (p = 0.031). Possible reasons for the differences are explored and recommendations made. EPR were significantly correlated with temperature in P. elongatus (p < 0.05), but the correlation was significant in O. similis only when using the egg-ratio method (p < 0.05). Applying a modified Michaelis-Menten relationship showed EPR to be significantly related to chlorophyll a in both species (p < 0.001). Changes in prosome lengths explained little of the variability in clutch size in the 2 species over the course of the year. Finally, seasonality in the abundance and biomass of nauplii, copepodites and adults was examined, together with adult female production and weight-specific fecundity rates, and these were compared across a variety of regions.

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Life-stage-specific differences in exploitation of food mixtures: diet mixing enhances copepod egg production but not juvenile development

Cited by 41 publications

References 60 publications

Predator chemical cues increase growth and alter development in nauplii of a marine copepod

Predator chemical cues increase growth and alter development in nauplii of a marine copepod

Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Seasonal abundance and egg production rates of Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus elongatus in the northern North Sea: a first comparison of egg-ratio and incubation methods

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Life-stage-specific differences in exploitation of food mixtures: diet mixing enhances copepod egg production but not juvenile development

Cited by 41 publications

References 60 publications

Predator chemical cues increase growth and alter development in nauplii of a marine copepod

Predator chemical cues increase growth and alter development in nauplii of a marine copepod

Incorporation of nitrogen from N2 fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Seasonal abundance and egg production rates of Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus elongatus in the northern North Sea: a first comparison of egg-ratio and incubation methods

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Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton