Life-Threatening Cardiac Failure in a Healthy Young Female with Irukandji Syndrome

Little, Mark; Mulcahy, R; Wenck, Drew J.

doi:10.1177/0310057x0102900212

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the case of severe stings, however, the victims may show diverse responses, including fever, respiratory distress, and gastrointestinal symptoms of increased secretions, nausea, emesis, abdominal colic, and diarrhea [22], [23]. Major life threatening symptoms are cardiovascular instability with syncope, respiratory insufficiency, and anaphylaxis, which may result in the death of victims [21], [24], [25]. Besides, Jellyfish envenoming can also produce immediately painful tentacle-print dermatitis with pruritis and urticaria [26], [27] and/or delayed cutaneous reactions, characterized by eczematous lesions [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Tetracycline against Dermal Toxicity Induced by Jellyfish Venom

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPreviously, we have reported that most, if not all, of the Scyphozoan jellyfish venoms contain multiple components of metalloproteinases, which apparently linked to the venom toxicity. Further, it is also well known that there is a positive correlation between the inflammatory reaction of dermal tissues and their tissue metalloproteinase activity. Based on these, the use of metalloproteinase inhibitors appears to be a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of jellyfish envenomation.Methodology and Principal FindingsTetracycline (a metalloproteinase inhibitor) has been examined for its activity to reduce or prevent the dermal toxicity induced by Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) jellyfish venom (NnV) using in vitro and in vivo models. HaCaT (human keratinocyte) and NIH3T3 (mouse fibroblast) incubated with NnV showed decreases in cell viability, which is associated with the inductions of metalloproteinase-2 and -9. This result suggests that the use of metalloproteinase inhibitors, such as tetracycline, may prevent the jellyfish venom-mediated local tissue damage. In vivo experiments showed that comparing with NnV-alone treatment, tetracycline pre-mixed NnV demonstrated a significantly reduced progression of dermal toxicity upon the inoculation onto rabbit skin.Conclusions/SignificanceIt is believed that there has been no previous report on the therapeutic agent of synthetic chemical origin for the treatment of jellyfish venom-induced dermonecrosis based on understanding its mechanism of action except the use of antivenom treatment. Furthermore, the current study, for the first time, has proposed a novel mechanism-based therapeutic intervention for skin damages caused by jellyfish stings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Tetracycline against Dermal Toxicity Induced by Jellyfish Venom

et al. 2013

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“…Most envenomation resolves spontaneously or with symptomatic management. A minority of patients develops life-threatening complications such as pulmonary oedema, cardiomyopathy, cardiogenic shock or intracerebral haemorrhage 8. Deaths have been reported (Fenner and Hadock7).…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BET 2: role of vinegar in Irukandji syndrome

2015

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A shortcut review was carried out to establish whether dousing areas of contact with vinegar could relieve the symptoms of Irukandji syndrome. Four studies were directly relevant to the question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated. The clinical bottom line is there is a lack of evidence for effectiveness and the latest local guidelines should be followed.

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“…A minority of patients develops life-threatening complications such as pulmonary oedema, cardiomyopathy, cardiogenic shock or intracerebral haemorrhage. 8 Deaths have been reported (Fenner and Hadock 7 ). There is no national database to collect the reported cases, and it is not a reportable condition in Australia; therefore, it is difficult to estimate the exact number of cases of Irukandji syndrome.…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%