In this study, we aim to explore and thematically analyze the higher education teachers' notions about most important problems related to students' learning, including the teachers' notions of the approaches to learning that the students adopt The study was carried out in Rwanda, Central Africa, with 25 university teachers engaged in group interviews. Inspired by the concepts of metaphors for learning and approaches to learning, five main categories of students' learning problems were identified: Dependence, Physical and economic resources, experience of a deep approach to learning, reading culture, and previous preparation for higher education. These problems are interrelated and point to the need to understand study levels in education systems as being interdependent. The teaching and learning process of one level influences the quality of learning of the other level. A difference/gap in learning approaches between levels of education greatly impacts difficulty in students' learning and understanding especially when they shift from a lower level to another. Understanding educational levels as closely linked is thus of great importance for enhancing quality in learning in higher education in Rwanda.