LiFeO₂-Incorporated Li₂MoO₃ as a Cathode Additive for Lithium-Ion Battery Safety

Abstract

Li 2 MoO 3 , with a Mo(IV)/Mo(VI) redox couple, has been tested as a cathode additive to make lithium-ion batteries safe under abnormal discharge conditions. Its high charging capacity and sloping discharge voltage below 3.4 V vs Li + /Li effectively prevents the Cu anode current collector from oxidative dissolution at the overdischarge condition. However, molybdenum dissolution from the electrochemically charged Li 2 MoO 3 quickly deteriorates the battery performance at 45°C. A solid solution of Li 2 MoO 3 with LiFeO 2 has stabilized the crystalline structure at the charged states and suppressed the Mo(VI) dissolution. The addition of 10 wt % 0.9Li 2 MoO 3 −0.1LiFeO 2 to LiCoO 2 electrode enables long-term, high-temperature cycling in the operating voltage range of 0.0−4.3 V vs graphite.

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

“…Fourthly, the pre-lithiation agent has to be not only electrochemically stable but also thermally, chemically and mechanically stable after de-lithiation. The investigated additives range from binary compounds, such as Li 2 [127].…”

Improving battery safety by early detection of internal shorting with a bifunctional separator

“…In the last few decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to suppressing dendrite growth by improving electrode materials 16,17 , electrolyte additives 18,19 , separators 9,[20][21][22][23] and battery management systems 8 with some success, although they still do not solve the problem. Typical examples are the re-engineering of the surface morphologies and coating processes of the electrodes 16,17,24 , modification of the electrolyte solvent and solute 18,19,[25][26][27][28] , incorporation of hard ceramic coatings onto the porous polymer separator 5,20,21,23 and theoretical modelling 29,30 of the mechanisms leading to dendrite formation.…”

“…Typical examples are the re-engineering of the surface morphologies and coating processes of the electrodes 16,17,24 , modification of the electrolyte solvent and solute 18,19,[25][26][27][28] , incorporation of hard ceramic coatings onto the porous polymer separator 5,20,21,23 and theoretical modelling 29,30 of the mechanisms leading to dendrite formation. Unfortunately, despite intense study for several decades, it seems nearly impossible to completely eliminate dendrite formation with current technologies, as the lithium re-deposition process is inherently non-uniform and predisposed to formation of dangerous lithium dendrites.…”

Smart Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices with Self‐Protection and Self‐Adaptation Abilities

“…[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] With the gradual growth of lithium dendrites during charge/discharge cycles, these dendrites will ultimately reach the separator and penetrate through the porous polymer, thereby forming a short circuit between the anode and the cathode, which in turn can cause fires or even explosions. [45,46] In the past decades, several approaches have been developed in order to inhibit the growth of Li dendrites, such as improving the electrode materials, [47][48][49] using electrolyte additives, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] employing solid or gel electrolytes, [57][58][59] or modifying the separator. [60][61][62][63][64][65] While these studies have made some progress, it is still not possible to completely suppress the growth of dendrites using present technologies.…”