Lifestyle, Exercise and Osteoporosis

Notelovitz, Morris

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1799-5_24

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The increased synthesis of oestrogen via the conversion of androstenedione into oestrogen in adipocytes is thought to offer an explanation why skeletal regions which are not exposed to any weight related stress also benefit from the protective effect associated with an increased BMI. In a review of lifestyle, obesity, and osteoporosis, Notelovitz reported that untreated menopause, particularly if naturally premature or surgically induced, frequently overrides the protective effect of obesity and following bone density evaluation in their patients, they found that most women required hormone additive therapy 41 . Coronary heart disease (CHD) is now the leading cause of death in women and the risk of this disease markedly rises following the loss of ovarian function.…”

Section: Hormone Replacement Therapy (Hrt) and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsesity and female reproductive function

Pettigrew

Hamilton‐Fairley

1997

British Medical Bulletin

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Obesity has consistently been demonstrated to have a detrimental effect upon the female reproductive system.This review explores the common association of obesity with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the effect of obesity on the clinical and endocrinological parameters, and the role of insulin resistance in the expression of this disorder. An improvement in menstrual function, a decrease in the clinical androgenic profile, and significant increase in spontaneous pregnancy rates have been reported following weight loss.Obesity is associated with poor pregnancy outcome and miscarriage in both women with PCOS, and in those with normal ovarian morphology.The optimal weight gain during pregnancy remains controversial, but obesity is a risk factor for both maternal and fetal complications, and dietary advice should be offered on an individual basis according to the prepregnancy BMI.Weight gain at the time of menopause is common, and dietary advice is paramount as obesity is an independent risk factor for thrombosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), and breast and endometrial cancer. Effective nutritional counselling should be offered at all stages of the female reproductive lifecycle. Obesity is an increasingly common health problem which is an important risk factor in obstetrics and gynaecology, and has been found to affect female reproductive function in several respects. Complications are more prevalent during pregnancy and childbirth, and menstrual disturbance and infertility are frequent consequences of female obesity. One of the most common gynaecological disorders associated with obesity is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Insulin resistance is thought to play a central role in the expression of this syndrome, and the relationship between PCOS, obesity and insulin will be discussed in this review. Weight reduction in these women has been shown to improve menstrual function and reduce hyperinsulinaemia, hyperandrogenaemia and peripheral insulin resistance. Women with normal ovarian morphology also are affected adversely by obesity throughout their reproductive life, and this will also be discussed.There has been much interest and controversy surrounding the ideal weight gain for pregnant women, and the effects of excess weight upon pregnancy outcome in terms of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The recommendations concerning gestational weight gain and the adverse outcomes associated with obesity in pregnancy are reviewed

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Section: Hormone Replacement Therapy (Hrt) and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%