Lifestyle Factors Related to Mortality and Survival: A Mini-Review

Abstract

As the world's population ages, elderly people are becoming an increasingly important group that merits special attention with regard to health and social issues. Lifestyles affect health and survival at all ages, but the consequences of poor lifestyle behaviors may be different for elderly people than for younger adults. They can also be heavily dependent on exposure earlier in life. Our current state of knowledge is based predominantly on studies conducted among middle-aged adults or young elderly people. Moreover, studies are sparse throughout the entire older age spectrum, from 65 to 90 years. This article summarizes the evidence regarding the impact of lifestyle behaviors on mortality among elderly people. It focuses on behaviors modifiable by individual actions and public health interventions, such as smoking, obesity and sedentary behavior, which predispose numerous people to diseases that rank among the leading causes of death, including heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes and dementia. These factors not only shorten life but, when they occur together, also have a major impact on survival beyond that associated with each single lifestyle factor. We propose an integrated life course model to guide research on longevity to answer questions that remain open and to find new strategies to ensure a longer and healthier life for future generations.

Description of physical fitness, blood glucose, and cholesterol levels of the middle age operational workers in transportation company

“…The health of the elderly proceeds on a continuum that begins with development symptoms associated with daily activity changes, musculoskeletal degenerative, cognitive impairment, continues to disease onset, functional loss and disability, and ultimately, terminal status and death. [6][7][8] The regular physical activity (PA) can improve PF and health as prevention disease problem. [9][10][11] Several studies have shown that physically active adults are healthier and have a higher PF than inactive adults throughout different nations and populations groups.…”

Smart Homes and Sensors for Surveillance and Preventive Education at Home: Example of Obesity

“…Therefore, we have eventually selected also mathematical models, statistical studies and simulation approaches on obesity involving dynamical systems, network analysis or agent-based modeling. [20]). Bottom: the Overview, Design concepts and Details (ODD) protocol (from [21]).…”

“…The diagram in Figure 4 (top) classes the factors of obesity into three categories [20]: the first describes environmental determinants, including social and physical factors; the second includes psychological and behavioral factors; and the third consists of biological factors [22], notably the genetic background of the concerned individual [23][24][25][26][27]. A summary diagram ( Figure 5) is carried out on the basis of [20] to illustrate the successive stages of the extraction of 106 studies selecting many factors on three important levels, namely: (i) environmental; (ii) psychological and behavioral; and (iii) biological. Among all of the tools from systems science used in public health, the network-based models are well suited to account for the collective behavior in the spread of obesity.…”

“…According to [11], the environmental factors can be dispatched into physical and social micro-and macro-environmental determinants. In their modelling approach, Rizzuto and Fratiglioni have considered that the environment is the whole set of physical, social, as well as structural (cultural, psychological and biological) determinants [20]. In [39], obesity is described as due to these environmental determinants rather than a contagion effect, and in [47], Christensen found also that obesity is due to the environmental factors, as proposed in [48], whose initial results have been supported by the authors of [38] with some additional statistical studies.…”

Thermal Decomposition of Electronic Cigarette Liquid. Ir Study

“…Each year, smoking leads about 5 million people to their end [3]. The hazards of smoking are related mostly to manifold increased risks of cancer development of different king including lung [4], kidney [5], larynx [6], bladder [7], stomach cancer [8] and some others.…”