Lifestyle intervention for prevention of diabetes: determinants of success for future implementation

Abstract

Lifestyle interventions are reported to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals after mid- and long-term follow-up. Information on determinants of intervention outcome and adherence and the mechanisms underlying diabetes progression are valuable for a more targeted implementation. Weight loss seems a major determinant of diabetes risk reduction, whereas physical activity and dietary composition may contribute independently. Body composition and genetic variation may also affect the response to intervention. Lifestyle interventions are cost-effective and should be optimized to increase adherence and compliance, especially for individuals in the high-risk group with a low socioeconomic status, so that public health policy can introduce targeted implementation programs nationwide. The aims of this review are to summarize the mid- and long-term effects of lifestyle interventions on impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to provide determinants of intervention outcome and adherence, which can be used for future implementation of lifestyle interventions.

Promoting Changes in Diet and Physical Activity in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Settings: An Unexplored Opportunity for Endorsing Healthy Behaviors

“…However, results from diabetes prevention programs (26) have shown that, with appropriate support, these behaviors can be altered with significant clinical effects. Likewise, in the cardiovascular arena, it has been shown that individual dietary interventions in primary prevention can achieve modest improvements in diet and cardiovascular disease risk status (27).…”

Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Diabetes

“…Although it would seem from the above discussion that we are slaves to our genes and the early environment we are exposed to, lifelong lifestyle choices and environmental conditions also change the course of our health status. Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes are all affected by diet and exercise patterns (Orchard et al, 2005;Pruitt et al, 2006;Gulve, 2008;Roumen et al, 2009), suggesting that there is a level of control of health outcomes by our lifestyle choices. Overall, the early environment, inheritance, and adaptations due to behaviors in adulthood all come together to influence metabolic diseases (Figure 8.1).…”

“…Much like metabolic syndrome and obesity, lifestyle modifications are the focus of type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment (Franz, 2002;Roumen et al, 2009). Pharmacological intervention usually involves oral agents to achieve normal glucose levels and additional medications to treat lipids, hypertension, and other comorbidities (Orchard et al, 2005;Calcutt et al, 2009;Krentz, 2009).…”

Obesity and impaired renal function: potential for lifestyle intervention?

“…Perspectives Pharmacological intervention to correct individual components of the metabolic syndrome (including high blood lipids, high cholesterol and elevated blood pressure) has been proven beneficial to retard renal function decline. Lifestyle intervention is a powerful tool to prevent or delay progression from a healthy or prediabetic state to type 2 diabetes [38][39][40][41], with lifestyle being at least as effective as pharmaceutical intervention [39,42,43]. Despite the notification of lifestyle changes in the guidelines for treatment of end-stage renal disease, the prescription of physical activity or other lifestyle changes has been severely hampered, among others by lack of convincing evidence.…”