Lifestyle Modification in Secondary Prevention

Abstract

Despite significant advances in medical technology and pharmacology, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major contributor to health care expenses and the leading cause of death in the United States. Patients with established CVD and their health care providers are challenged with achieving cardiovascular risk reduction to decrease the likelihood of recurrent cardiovascular events. This "secondary prevention" can be achieved, in part, through adherence to prescribed pharmacotherapies that favorably modify major coronary risk factors (ie, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity). However, lifestyle modification can also be helpful in this regard, providing independent and additive benefits to the associated reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, physicians and other health care providers should routinely counsel their coronary patients to engage in structured exercise and increased lifestyle physical activity, consume a heart-healthy diet, quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke, and purposefully address psychosocial stressors that may elevate cardiovascular risk. These lifestyle interventions, either as an adjunct to medication therapy or independently in those patients where medications may be poorly tolerated, cost prohibitive, or ineffective, can significantly decrease cardiovascular mortality and the risk of recurrent cardiac events.

Frequency and nature of drug‐related problems in patients with acute coronary syndrome: role of the clinical pharmacist in coronary care practice

“…5 Although a secondary preventive approach avoids up to 45% mortality after a myocardial infarction, the secondary prevention measures were found to be poor. 6 While the European Cardiology Society, American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology recommend Class 1 guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation following a coronary accident, they remain largely underserved from 15 to 50% of patients participating in such programs. 7 Patients with ACS typically have a high prevalence of risk factors such as polypharmacy, multiple comorbidities and inadequate knowledge regarding their treatment strategy, which predisposes them to drug problems (DRPs).…”

“… 1 ACS also leads to loss of productivity, significant health costs and deterioration in quality of life 5 . Although a secondary preventive approach avoids up to 45% mortality after a myocardial infarction, the secondary prevention measures were found to be poor 6 . While the European Cardiology Society, American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology recommend Class 1 guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation following a coronary accident, they remain largely underserved from 15 to 50% of patients participating in such programs 7 .…”

Motivational quality and competence perceptions towards healthy diet practice in patients with non-communicable diseases in Central Saudi Arabia

“…crucial for treatment efficacy in various NCD. [6][7][8] Many healthcare providers have yet established health education and nutritional counselling as standardized treatment protocol for some NCD. [9][10][11] However, local studies investigating patient compliance with diet protocols frequently reported rather poor adherence.…”

Estudo comparativo da rigidez arterial central em idosos com doença arterial coronariana grave e não grave

“…Devido às propriedades biomecânicas dos vasos coronarianos serem diferentes daquelas observadas na aorta, as suas respectivas complacências podem diferir (HARBAOUI et al, 2017 Medidas preventivas como mudanças no estilo de vida, modificação de fatores de risco, melhorias na terapia e avanços tanto na cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica, quanto na intervenção coronária percutânea, resultaram na redução da mortalidade associada a essa doença (BRINKS et al, 2017).…”