Lifestyle risk factors for obsessive-compulsive symptoms and related phenomena: What should lifestyle interventions target?

Abstract

Objective: Understanding the impact of lifestyle on mental illness symptoms is important for informing psycho-education and developing interventions which target mental and physical comorbidities. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders can have a significant impact on health-related quality of life and physical health. However, our understanding of the impact of lifestyle on obsessive-compulsive symptoms and broader compulsive and impulsive problematic repetitive behaviours is limited. Aims: We investigated whether lifestyle factors predicted change in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic repetitive behaviours in a general population sample over a 3-month period. Methods: Eight hundred thirty-five participants completed an online questionnaire battery assessing lifestyle and mental health. Of these, 538 participants completed the same battery 3 months later. We conducted negative binomial regressions to analyse the association of lifestyle factors at baseline with future (1) obsessive-compulsive symptoms, (2) compulsive problematic repetitive behaviours and (3) impulsive problematic repetitive behaviours, adjusting for baseline obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic repetitive behaviours. Results: Lower vegetable ( p = 0.020) and oily fish ( p = 0.040) intake and lower moderate intensity physical activity ( p = 0.008) predicted higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms at follow-up. Higher intake of high-fat foods ( p < 0.001) predicted higher compulsive problematic repetitive behaviours at follow-up. No lifestyle factors significantly predicted impulsive problematic repetitive behaviours at follow-up. Conclusion: Our results speak to the potential importance of lifestyle quality screening, education and lifestyle interventions (e.g. an anti-inflammatory diet) for individuals experiencing compulsivity-related behaviours and/or symptoms. Further research into potential mechanisms of action will allow for more targeted approaches to lifestyle interventions for transdiagnostic compulsive behaviours.

General somatic health and lifestyle habits in individuals with obsessive- compulsive disorder: an international survey

“…More severe OCD symptoms were associated with unhealthier dietary habits, higher tobacco use, fewer hours of sleep, and a non-restorative sleep. This is partly in line with previous research findings showing a significant association between higher obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and lower intake of vegetables and oily fish [ 76 ]. These results contrast with those reported by Nguyen et al [ 24 ], who found no association between OCD severity and dietary quality.…”

Early Identification and Intervention in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

“…Another helpful attempt is lifestyle intervention. Potential intervention targets supported by current research evidence are developing anti-inflammatory diets and increasing physical activity [ 98 ]. Other researchers have suggested that interventions should focus on reducing stress and improving sleep quality [ 19 ].…”