Lifetime cardiovascular risk is associated with a multimarker score of systemic oxidative status in young adults independently of traditional risk factors

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Associates with Ventricular Stress in Young Adults and Triggers Intracellular Ca2+ Alterations in Adult Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

“…While patients with SCAD are considered to be at high CVR, this can be controlled with appropriate pharmacological and lifestyle management [19]. Moreover, our group previously described that the systemic oxidative stress of young subjects with SCAD is similar to that of subjects with low-lifetime CVR [14]. All the subjects with SCAD in our cohort were on statin treatment, which is known to reduce the levels of oxLDL [15].…”

“…Those subjects with a recent cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction or angina in the last 3 years) that was stable and well-controlled on medical therapy were classified as having stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) (N = 23). The remaining participants were classified according to their estimated lifetime CVR using the QRisk-lifetime estimator-including age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, family history of angina or heart attack, chronic kidney disease, blood pressure treatment, atrial fibrillation, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking status, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, systolic blood pressure and BMI [13]-into those with low-lifetime CVR (<26%, N = 22) or high-lifetime CVR (>26%, N = 21) [14].…”

Oxidative Status before and after Renal Replacement Therapy: Differences between Conventional High Flux Hemodialysis and on-Line Hemodiafiltration

“…However, in most published studies malondialdehyde is measured as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Given that dialysis patients are at high risk for cardiovascular complications and atherosclerosis [32] and that oxLDL as a marker of lipid peroxidation is tightly associated with atherosclerosis [33] and cardiovascular risk [21], we considered that oxLDL would better reflect the oxidative status on lipids of dialysis patients. In this sense, our results support that lipid peroxidation is likely the leading cause of the increase in oxidative stress post-dialysis, and indicates that the high risk of developing atherosclerosis in dialysis might be caused in part by the dialysis treatment itself.…”

“…The biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense were combined in a multimarker score of oxidative damage (OxyScore) and antioxidant defense (AntioxyScore), respectively, as described [20,21]. Protein carbonyls, oxLDL, 8-OHdG, and XOD activity were standardized using the pre-dialysis group as a reference for the OxyScore.…”

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Research Must Persist

“…Rodríguez-Sánchez, et al [6] carried out an innovative study in which they evaluated the cardiovascular risk associated with lifelong organic oxidative stress in adults and young people, independently of traditional risk factors, by calculating multiple ROS levels and cardiovascular risk scores, finding that in the young adult population (30 to 50 years) with no history of a cardiovascular event, oxidative stress levels were relatively similar to those with a history of the event, and/or with established coronary artery disease, and therefore the risk of the "healthy" group was high [6]. This may indicate an abysmal underestimation of cardiovascular risk with the use of simple cardiovascular risk scores, which must be taken into account in the clinical practice.…”