Lifetime employment–coresidential trajectories and extended working life in Chile

Employment Trajectories Across the Life Course and Oral Health Among Older Persons in a Developing Country

“…We recommend promoting public policies that seek to prevent and mitigate in advance the negative impact on oral health in old age of being constantly employed in informal jobs or remaining out of the labor market permanently. This is particularly relevant in countries such as Chile where temporary and informal employment has risen steadily, leading to increasing precarity of labor conditions, economic vulnerability, and lack of social protection in later stages of life (Madero-Cabib & Biehl, 2021;Madero-Cabib & Cabello-Hutt, 2021). If to this context we add the absence of comprehensive public health programs aimed at facilitating access to oral health treatment and prevention among older persons (Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, 2013), the result is the presence of disproportionately negative effects particularly for those individuals who have accumulated socioeconomic disadvantages during their lifetime and are heavily dependent on public benefits to address oral health problems.…”

Adulthood Employment Trajectories and Later Life Mental Health before and after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…This is a country where, unlike most developed Western countries, many older people face an economy with strong fiscal pressures, weak public health benefits from the state, and, importantly, high levels of informality in the labor market [ 36 ]. Our results indicate that individuals with formal employment trajectories, regardless of whether they work as dependent employees or are self-employed, or work in full-time or part-time jobs, are more likely to show relatively better mental health outcomes.…”

“…Most older people in these settings benefited across their adulthood from post-war financially stable economies and pension systems, large formal labor markets, and robust health policies. By contrast, during their lives, many older individuals in developing countries such as Chile in the 20th century have faced inadequate welfare state provisions, economic and pension systems with intense fiscal pressures, weak public healthcare services, and, importantly, large informal sectors in the labor market that prevent individuals from having access to benefits such as unemployment insurance, better social health insurance, and higher pensions in old age [ 36 ]. Therefore, it is also crucial for this field of research to explore the association between working patterns and prospective mental health in these developing settings to understand whether older people in these countries follow different trends to those in developed nations.…”

Comprendiendo trayectorias de vida crecientemente diversas y complejas: El análisis de secuencias

“…La segunda investigación (Madero-Cabib & Biehl, 2021) considera la tipología de trayectorias laborales y de corresidencia identificada en el estudio anterior, y mide su asociación con el estatus laboral de las personas luego de la edad legal de jubilación. Los resultados indican que los individuos que siguieron trayectorias con empleo permanente a lo largo de su vida (ya sea en trabajos formales o informales), pero que vivieron permanentemente en pareja y con hijos adultos hasta etapas tardías de la vida, tenían más probabilidades de estar parcialmente jubilados en la vejez (i.e., estar pensionado, pero continuar activo en el mercado laboral).…”