Lifetime expectancy of polyurethane binder as magnetic recording media

Nakamae, Katsuhiko; Yamaguchi, Kensuke; Asaoka, Seiji; Karube, Yoshifumi; Sudaryanto, Sudaryanto

doi:10.1016/s0143-7496(96)00015-2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this way, the substitution of PZT by a polymer in bilayer four‐state ME memories will meet these new challenges. Contrary to what happened a few decades ago, when polymers were just used as a binder in memory devices,145, 146 devices based on polymeric materials are now a interesting topic due to their simplicity, good scability, low‐cost, 3D stacking capability, and large capacity for data‐storage 147. These electroactive polymers are usually deposited by ink‐jet printing, spin‐coating, or vacuum evaporation on a variety of substrates for the fabrication of memories 148.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer‐Based Magnetoelectric Materials

Martins

Lanceros‐Méndez

2013

Adv Funct Materials

318

296

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Polymer‐based magnetoelectric (ME) materials are an interesting, challenging and innovative research field, that will bridge the gap between fundamental research and applications in the near future. Here, the current state of the art on the different materials, the used configurations for the development of sensors and actuators, as well as the main values of the ME coupling obtained for the different polymer‐based systems are summarized. Further, some of the specific applications that are being developed for those polymer‐based ME materials are addressed as well as the main advantages and remaining challenges in this research field.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer‐Based Magnetoelectric Materials

Martins

Lanceros‐Méndez

2013

Adv Funct Materials

318

296

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“…Deterioration by-products (shorter polymers) are abraded from the tape surface and form a gooey residue on the tape-guiding parts of heads, which increase in friction, so that the replay speed is reduced, which is frequently accompanied by high-pitch squealing noises and sound distorted. Increased tape traction can cause the elongation of the PET carrier film and can lead to a complete illegibility of tapes because magnetic material adhesion is reduced or lost [85,86]. Typical binders are the ESTANE class of polymers, containing soft segments of polyester oligomers of adipic acid with 1,4-butanediol and a hard segment consisting in a very short polyurethane made from 4,4 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate molecules bonded together by urethane links to the butanediol's that serve as chain extenders (Figure 8).…”

Section: (Ii) Binder Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of experiments on system models of binders (prepared by polymer casting and adsorption of polymers on γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) have been performed to evaluate lifetime expectancy of binder on the basis of the tensile strength change in different environmental conditions. It was observed that, by increasing the cross linking, the durability is significantly improved [85].…”

Section: Nmr Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry for Audio Heritage Preservation: A Review of Analytical Techniques for Audio Magnetic Tapes

Bressan

Hess²,

Sgarbossa

et al. 2019

Heritage

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Vast and important cultural resources are entrusted to magnetic tape around the world, but they are susceptible to degradation, which may lead to severe replay problems. Audio magnetic tapes are complex and multicomponent devices containing organic compounds and metal systems, which can be potential catalysts for many degradative reactions in the presence of water, light, or heating. The aim of this review is to collect the literature concerning the analytical determinations and instrumental approaches that can achieve the chemical identification of the components in the tape and the degradation state. Thus, a combination of destructive (such as acetone extraction) and non-destructive techniques (such as ATR FTIR spectroscopy) have been proposed, together with SEM, ESEM, XRD and TGA analyses to assess the chemical and physical characterization of the tape with the purpose to individualize restoration treatments and optimize conditions for preservation. The impact of the studies reviewed in this paper may go beyond audio, being potentially relevant to video, data, instrumentation, and logging tapes.

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“…3,9 Degradation contributions from tape components other than the polyester binder, such as magnetic particles 6,11,12 and the back-coat layer 5 have been identified, but are not generally regarded as primary degradation paths. 1,9,13,14 Figure 1. Hydrolysis of polyester is an autocatalytic reaction, in which production of carboxylic acid causes further hydrolysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Literature agrees that hydrolysis of polyester linkages is the primary degradation mechanism of PEU magnetic tapes (Figure ). ,, Polyurethane linkages in the PEU binder, and the PET substrate layer, are less sensitive to hydrolysis. , Degradation contributions from tape components other than the polyester binder, such as magnetic particles ,, and the back-coat layer, have been identified but are not generally regarded as primary degradation paths. ,,, …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimally Invasive Identification of Degraded Polyester-Urethane Magnetic Tape Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Statistics

Cassidy

Fuenffinger

et al. 2015

Anal. Chem.

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Audio recordings are a significant component of the world's modern cultural history and are retained for future generations in libraries, archives, and museums. The vast majority of tapes contain polyester-urethane as the magnetic particle binder, the degradation of which threatens the playability and integrity of these often unique recordings. Magnetic tapes with stored historical data are degrading and need to be identified prior to digitization and/or preservation. We demonstrate the successful differentiation of playable and nonplayable quarter-inch audio tapes, allowing the minimally invasive triage of tape collections. Without such a method, recordings are put at risk during playback, which is the current method for identifying degraded tapes. A total of 133 quarter-inch audio tapes were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR). Classification of IR spectra in regards to tape playability was accomplished using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and K-means cluster analysis. The first principal component suggests intensities at the following wavenumbers to be representative of nonplayable tapes: 1730 cm(-1), 1700 cm(-1), 1255 cm(-1), and 1140 cm(-1). QDA and cluster analysis both successfully identified 93.78% of nonplayable tapes in the calibration set and 92.31% of nonplayable tapes in the test set. This application of IR spectra assessed with multivariate statistical analysis offers a path to greatly improve efficiency of audio tape preservation. This rapid, minimally invasive technique shows potential to replace the manual playback test, a potentially destructive technique, ultimately allowing the safe preservation of culturally valuable content.

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Lifetime expectancy of polyurethane binder as magnetic recording media

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Polymer‐Based Magnetoelectric Materials

Polymer‐Based Magnetoelectric Materials

Chemistry for Audio Heritage Preservation: A Review of Analytical Techniques for Audio Magnetic Tapes

Minimally Invasive Identification of Degraded Polyester-Urethane Magnetic Tape Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Statistics

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