Lifetime improved WSN using enhanced-LEACH and angle sector-based energy-aware TDMA scheduling

Abstract

Network lifetime remains as a significant requirement in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) exploited to prolong network processing. Deployment of low power sensor nodes in WSN is essential to utilize the energy efficiently. Clustering and sleep scheduling are the two major processes involved in improving network lifetime. However, abrupt and energy unaware selection of cluster head (CH) is nonoptimal in WSN which reflects in the drop of energy among sensor nodes. This paper addresses the twofold as utilization of sensor nodes to prolong the node's energy and network lifetime by LEACH-based cluster formation and Time Division Multiple Access scheduling (TDMA). Clusters are constructed by the design of an Enhanced-Low-Energy adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol (E-LEACH) that uses parallel operating optimization (Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (D-PSO)) for selecting an optimal CH and helper CH. The fitness values estimation from GWO and D-PSO is concatenated to prefer the best optimal CH. E-LEACH also manages the cluster size which is one of the conventional disadvantages in LEACH. CHs are responsible to perform energy-aware TDMA scheduling which segregates the coverage area into 24 sectors. Alternate sectors are assigned Ramadhani Sinde ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ramadhani Sinde works as an assistant lecturer in the School of Computational and Communication Sciences and Engineering at Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST). Currently, he under Doctoral Environmental Management Information System project undertaking PhD studies in the field of Information and Communication of Science and Engineering. His research interests include Internet of Things (IoT) network, embedded systems, mobile computing, modelling and performance evaluation of wireless sensor networks, wireless and mobile communication. Mr. Sinde has co-authored more than 10 papers in internationally refereed journals and conferences. He is a Queen Elizabeth Scholarship -Advanced Scholars Program alumni.

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