Lifetime of the 186-kev Level of Thorium-231

Strominger, D.

doi:10.1103/physrev.114.502

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…showed that the alanine of the peptide portion of the nucleotide, and of the cell wall, was composed of 1/3 L-isomer and 2/3 D-isomer. Strominger and Ito (1959) inferred that, since incomplete peptides were also induced, the peptide portion was synthesised by stepwise addition of amino-acids, and succeeded in separating each of the enzymes catalysing the stepwise addition of (1) Nathensen and Strominger (1959) showed that pencillin inhibited DAP incorporation and cell wall synthesis in E. coli in a manner analogous to the inhibition of lysine incorporation and cell wall synthesis in Staph. aureus.…”

Section: Cell Wall Structure and Penicillin Actionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Cytidine nucleotides have also been found to accumulate in a strain of Staph. aureus inhibited by this substance (Armstrong, Baddiley, Buchanan and Carss, 1958 ;Strominger, 1959). found that a Dm-requiring mutant of E. coli contained a high steady state concentration of a uridine nucleotide in which the peptide portion was represented as L-alanine-D-glutamic acid-meso-DAP-D-alanine-D-alanine.…”

Section: Cell Wall Structure and Penicillin Actionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Mode of Action of Penicillin

Hugo

Russell

1961

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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ALTHOUGH penicillin has been used successfully in clinical medicine for some 20 years its precise mode of action has until recently been ill understood. Now, progress can be reported.Previous reviews on its mode of action have been published by Rinderknecht (1 946), Pratt and Dufrenoy (1 947) and Eagle and Saz (1 955), and Stenlake (1959) has recently summarised the actions of various antibiotics. Because one of the main effects of penicillin appears to be concerned with an inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, the greater part of this review will deal with cell wall structure and the effect thereon of the antibiotic.After this review was completed, a review on the mucopeptide components of bacterial cell walls was published by Work (1961) who described briefly the effect of penicillin on cell wall synthesis. Morphological Changes Induced by PenicillinGardner (1940) reported that, in dilute solutions, penicillin induced a distinct lengthening in all the rod-shaped bacteria which were sensitive to the antibiotic. In a later report, Gardner (1945) extended his work to a microscopical examination of the effect of penicillin on the spores and vegetative cells of bacilli, and found that even the weakest inhibitory dose of penicillin attacked the organism in the early stages of germination. It was also shown that lytic changes in vegetative cells of Bacillus anthracis were less pronounced in a strong than in a weak penicillin solution. Thomas and Levine (1945) demonstrated that penicillin in inhibitory but not completely bacteriostatic concentrations induced bizarre involution forms in Gram-negative intestinal bacteria growing in liquid or solid media. Fisher (1946) showed that the in vitro activity of penicillin on staphylococci caused enlargement of the bacterial cells followed by lysis. Similar effects were observed to a lesser degree on cultures of /3-haemolytic streptococci and pneumococci. Fisher also made the interesting observation that the group A streptococcus was not killed in the same manner, since there was no evidence of debris to suggest that many of the bacteria had been lysed, although cultures were almost sterile after 10 hr. and completely so after 24 hr. Duguid (1946) showed that low concentrations of penicillin induced giant forms in Escherichia coli and Hughes, Kramer and Fleming (1946) described the morphological changes induced by penicillin in Proteus vulgaris; these included (a) elongation up to 200 p in length, and (b) production of single or multiple swellings on the rods. Often, completely spherical, actively motile forms of 6 p or less could be observed on microscopical examination.

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Section: Cell Wall Structure and Penicillin Actionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Cell Wall Structure and Penicillin Actionmentioning

confidence: 96%