Lifetime prevalence and correlates of smoking behavior in Iranian adults’ population; a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstact Background There are few if any reports concerning the joint use of waterpipe, cigarette and exposure to second-hand smoking in Tehran, Iran. Here, we simultaneously investigated the prevalence and predictors of smoking habits in Iranian adults. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, we recruited 1057 Iranian adults between August 2013 and February 2015, in Tehran, a multi-ethnic city. Participants were selected using random digit dialing. Three separate logistic regression models were applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI). Results Exposure to second-hand smoking was the most prevalent smoking type (37, 95% CI: 35–41%) followed by cigarette (23.9% (95% CI: 21–27%)) and water-pipe smoking (20.25% (95% CI: 18–23%)) in adults in Tehran. Almost 3.3 and 4.5% of adults reported three and two types of lifetime smoking behaviors, respectively. Age, sex, history of depression along with lifetime alcohol intake was the important predictors of all three types of smoking. Lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with increased prevalence of all three types of smoking (p for trend < 0.009). Lifetime drug abuse was also associated with increased prevalence of cigarette smoking (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.61–2.59, p < 0.001). Conclusions Lifetime prevalence of waterpipe, cigarette and exposure to second-hand smoking is moderately high. Dual smoking behaviors are increasing in Iranian adults. An apparent age-related difference in pattern of waterpipe and cigarette smoking was observed. These findings highlight the need for further educational and preventive programs especially for dual smoking in Iranian young adults. This could provide practical information for evaluating and reforming the tobacco control programs and policies in Iran.

Current and former smokers among adolescents aged 12–17 years in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The findings of the present study showed that the prevalence of current smoking behavior among Iranian adolescents was 9%. This was lower than the prevalence of cigarette consumption among Iranian adults (14.38%) [70], and among college students (23.8%) [71], as reported in the existing scholarly literature. Compared to international studies, our results are lower than those found in studies conducted in Saudi Arabia (19.5%) [72], India (11.8%) [73], Sudan (13.6%) [74] and Italy (35.6%) [75] and higher than the prevalence computed in studies carried out in Ethiopia (3%) [76] and China (7.93%) [77].…”

Prevalence of Tobacco use and Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from Kong Cohort Study in the South of Iran

“…The overall prevalence was 9%. In their research, Abdollahpour et al reported the rate of cigarette smoking to be 41.07% and 32.68% among women and men, respectively [4]. This reported rate was higher than the present ndings.…”

“…The prevalence of exposure to ETS in the present research was found to be 15.1% and 19.8% among women and men, respectively. This rate is lower than the works of research by Abdollahpour et al (4) and Zeng et al [24]. These divergences can be explained partly by the different national rules and regulations in different countries and demographic features.…”

“…In Iran, TU behaviors are ever growing among adults [4] Despite preventive measures, cigarette smoking trend has not reduced among adult population in Iran within the past two decades [5]. According to the CASPAIN study (2011-12), 5.9% of Iranian adults used tobacco in their lifetime, and this rate is higher than western countries and other middle-eastern countries [6].…”

“…In Iran, TU is considered a main healthcare issue which requires major planning with the aim of controlling its use [13,14]. There is a considerable need for lowering the burden of HS-related diseases [15], as the current prevalence rate of the behavior is signi cantly high in Iran [4]. An effective measure before any intervention is the prevention and management of TS through identifying and concentrating on the prevalence of the issue and its correlates.…”