Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa

Stein, Dan J.; Seedat, Soraya; Herman, Allen; Moomal, Hashim; Heeringa, Steven G.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Williams, David R.

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.029280

Cited by 207 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This rate is considerably higher than the lifetime prevalence of depression (9.8%) that has been documented in the South African general population. 22 The number of hours worked, the work load, working conditions and public system-related frustrations were ranked as the most important factors that contributed to burnout. This corresponds with existing data, and with current circumstances in primary care settings, where doctors are limited in number, and yet services are needed 24 hours a day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of burnout and depression in medical doctors working in the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality community healthcare clinics and district hospitals of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape: a cross-sectional study

Rossouw

Seedat

Emsley

et al. 2013

South African Family Practice

107

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Aim: This study investigated burnout and depression in medical doctors in the context of work-related conditions and the role of resilience as a modifiable factor. Method:A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on consenting medical doctors (n = 132) working at Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality primary healthcare facilities of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape. Data were collected from doctors at 27 facilities by means of a self-administered questionnaire battery, containing socio-demographic information, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).Results: Of 132 doctors included in the analysis, 76% experienced burnout, as indicated by high scores in either the emotional exhaustion or depersonalisation subscales. In addition, 27% of doctors had cut-off scores on the BDI indicating moderate depression, while 3% were identified to have severe depression. The number of hours, work load, working conditions and system-related frustrations were ranked as the most important contributing factors to burnout. More experienced doctors and those with higher resilience scores had lower levels of burnout, as evident by their lower scores in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation domains of the MBI.Conclusion: Both burnout and depression are prevalent problems in doctors working at district level and in communities. Resilience appears to be protective and may be a useful target for future intervention.Peer reviewed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Africa, the life time prevalence of mood disorders in the general population between 2002 and 2004 was reported to be 9.8%. 22 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of burnout and depression in medical doctors working in the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality community healthcare clinics and district hospitals of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape: a cross-sectional study

Rossouw

Seedat

Emsley

et al. 2013

South African Family Practice

107

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“…African societies differ in their BMI profiles (Puane et al, 2002) and mental health presentation (Stein et al, 2008), which leads to the question whether the associations described elsewhere would hold true for SA samples.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Mood States are Not Associated with BMI in Mentally Healthy Adults

Wijk¹

2011

PSYCH

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The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and mental health has been widely investigated, and recent evidence has shown that overweight and obese individuals may be more vulnerable to the development of anxiety and mood disorders than individuals of a normal weight. This article examines the association between BMI and mood states of mentally healthy adults. BMI and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) scores, and other demographic information, was collected from healthy adults over a six month period (N = 1621). When age was controlled, only a small but significant negative correlation between BMI and Depression in men was found, which stands in contrasts to previous studies. This may be due to the sample of mentally healthy adults with less incidence of severe obesity due to their military background. Further, African samples may have different expressions for non-clinical distress than industrialised countries which may lead to skewed results. The findings suggests that measures of transient mood states, like the BRUMS, may not be particularly useful in investigating relationships between mental health constructs and anthropometric measures, like BMI.

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“…However, a recent nationwide study conducted by Tomlinson et al (2009) found that approximately 9.7% of the adult participants were diagnosed with MDD. Also, a recent study conducted by Stein et al (2008) investigated the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa and found that 9.8% of the population suffered from MDD.…”

Section: Synthesis and Critical Evaluation Of The Literature Depressimentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressed, not depressed or unsure: Prevalence and the relation to well-being across sectors in South Africa

Welthagen

Els

2012

SA j ind psychol

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Orientation: Work engagement, burnout and stress-related ill health levels of individuals, suffering from depression, who are unsure whether or not they suffer from depression, or who do not suffer from depression, have not been investigated in South Africa.Research purpose: The main objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of depression amongst employees in South African organisations and the relationship of depression with specific well-being constructs.Motivation for the study: Organisations should know about the prevalence of depression and the effects this could have on specific well-being constructs.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional design was followed. The availability sample (n = 15 664) included participants from diverse demographics. The South African Employee Health and Wellness Survey was followed to measure constructs.Main findings: The results showed that 18.3% of the population currently receive treatment for depression, 16.7% are unsure whether or not they suffer from depression and 65% do not suffer from depression. Depression significantly affects the levels of work engagement, burnout and the occurrence of stress-related ill health symptoms.Practical/managerial implications: This study makes organisations aware of the relationship between depression and employee work-related well-being. Proactive measures to promote the work-related well-being of employees, and to support employees suffering from depression, should be considered.Contribution/value-add: This study provides insight into the prevalence of depression and well-being differences that exist between individuals, suffering from depression, who are unsure whether or not they suffer from depression, and who do not suffer from depression.

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Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa

Abstract: In comparison with data from other countries, South Africa has a particularly high lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders. These disorders have an early age at onset, providing an important target for the planning of local mental health services.

Cited by 207 publications

References 19 publications

The prevalence of burnout and depression in medical doctors working in the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality community healthcare clinics and district hospitals of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape: a cross-sectional study

The prevalence of burnout and depression in medical doctors working in the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality community healthcare clinics and district hospitals of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape: a cross-sectional study

Mood States are Not Associated with BMI in Mentally Healthy Adults

Depressed, not depressed or unsure: Prevalence and the relation to well-being across sectors in South Africa

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