Lifetime Prevalence of Psychotic and Bipolar I Disorders in a General Population

Perälä, Jonna; Suvisaari, Jaana; Saarni, Samuli I.; Kuoppasalmi, Kimmo; Isometsä, Erkki; Pirkola, Sami; Partonen, Timo; Tuulio‐Henriksson, Annamari; Hintikka, Jukka; Kieseppä, Tuula; Härkänen, Tommi; Koskinen, Seppo; Lönnqvist, Jouko

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.1.19

Cited by 1,203 publications

(665 citation statements)

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“…However, worldwide, anxiety and depressive disorders are the two most common classes of mental disorders in the community, as high as 18% for anxiety disorders and 9% for mood disorders 27,28 . The prevalence of all psychotic disorders is approximately 3% (0.87% for schizophrenia and 0.24% for bipolar I disorder) 29 . Using the WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (MHS), data on the Saudi MHS were collected in 2009-2010 from several sources without meeting patients directly or reviewing their charts 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia

Alosaimi

Alzain²,

Asiri³

et al. 2017

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Objective: This study aimed to explore the current patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on patients seeking psychiatric advice at six hospitals in the five main regions of Saudi Arabia. The data were primarily obtained by reviewing patient charts. Results: Total of 1,205 patients were recruited. The majority was unemployed (71.4%), had a low level of education (85.5%), and had low income (61.9%). The most common psychiatric diagnoses among inpatients were schizophrenia (55.8%), bipolar disorder (23.3%) and major depressive disorder (7.2%). The most common psychiatric diagnoses among outpatients were major depressive disorder (29.3%), schizophrenia (28.9%), generalized anxiety disorder (15.6%) and bipolar disorder (11.5%). Primary psychotic disorders and secondary psychiatric disorders were significantly more frequent among men whereas primary bipolar disorders and depressive disorders were significantly more frequent among women in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Psychotic and bipolar disorders were significantly more frequent among younger patients whereas depressive disorders were significantly more frequent among older patients; anxiety disorders were of similar frequency in all age groups. Discussion: The most common psychiatric diagnoses among inpatients were schizophrenia and bipolar disorder whereas the most common psychiatric diagnoses among outpatients were major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.Alosaimi FD et al. / Arch Clin Psychiatry. 2017;44(3):77-83

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia

Alosaimi

Alzain²,

Asiri³

et al. 2017

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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“…Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by one or more episodes of mania, defined as abnormally increased energy levels, cognition, and mood [1], and has an estimated lifetime prevalence estimate of around 1% [264]. Mania has been conceptualized as a tendency to show heightened response to positive emotions and rewards [265], along with excessive goal pursuit and unrealistically high expectancy of success.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Dichter

Damiano

Allen

2012

J Neurodevelop Disord

254

207

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This review summarizes evidence of dysregulated reward circuitry function in a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and genetic syndromes. First, the contribution of identifying a core mechanistic process across disparate disorders to disease classification is discussed, followed by a review of the neurobiology of reward circuitry. We next consider preclinical animal models and clinical evidence of reward-pathway dysfunction in a range of disorders, including psychiatric disorders (i.e., substance-use disorders, affective disorders, eating disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorders), neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder), and genetic syndromes (i.e., Fragile X syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Williams syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Rett syndrome). We also provide brief overviews of effective psychopharmacologic agents that have an effect on the dopamine system in these disorders. This review concludes with methodological considerations for future research designed to more clearly probe reward-circuitry dysfunction, with the ultimate goal of improved intervention strategies.

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Section: Word Count: 190mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These experiences are among the clinical hallmarks of many psychiatric diagnoses including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. Psychotic experiences are relatively common, with recent estimates suggesting that between 3 and 5 per cent of the population have psychotic experiences at some point in their life (Peraala et al, 2007;van Os, Hanssen, Bijl, & Vollebergh, 2001).Despite the apparent efficacy of self-help interventions for depression and anxiety (for argue that "such therapies are therefore essentially self-help in nature" (p. 9). Consequently, it may not be unreasonable to assert that self-help approaches may be useful for psychosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Self-help interventions for psychosis: A meta-analysis

Webb

Rowse

2015

Clinical Psychology Review

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Self-help has been shown to be an effective intervention for a wide range of mental health problems. However, there is less evidence on the efficacy of self-help for psychosis and, to date, there has been no systematic review. A search of bibliographic databases identified 24 relevant studies with a total sample size of N = 1816. Ten studies adopted a repeated measures design and 14 an independent group design (including RCTs and quasiexperimental studies). Self-help interventions had, on average, a small-to-medium-sized effect on overall symptoms (d + = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.48). Sub-analyses revealed that selfhelp interventions had a small-to-medium-sized effect on positive symptoms (d + = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.72), a small-to-medium-sized effect on negative symptoms (d + = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.66), and a small-sized effect on outcomes associated with the symptoms of psychosis such as quality of life (d + = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.24). Moderation analysis identified a number of factors that influenced treatment effects including the complexity of the intervention and amount of contact time. Self-help interventions for psychosis have a lot of potential and recommendations for further research are discussed. Word count: 190Key words: Self-help, psychosis, meta-analysis P r e P u b l i c a t i o n C o p y Self-help interventions for psychosis 3 Self-help interventions for psychosis: A meta-analysis "A massive, systematic, and yet largely silent revolution is occurring in mental health today and is gathering steam for tomorrow" (Norcross, 2000, p. 370) In the quote above, Norcross (2000) refers to the proliferation of self-help approaches for mental health conditions, an approach that has gathered momentum with practitioners, researchers, and policy makers placing an increasing emphasis on self-help for treating mental health problems (Lewis et al., 2003). Self-help interventions are defined as those that are "designed to be conducted predominantly independently of professional contact" (Bower, Richards, & Lovell, 2001, p. 839). Self-help interventions can be administered through a variety of mediums such as face-to-face or group meetings, through computers, mobile, and online platforms. Self-help typically involves working independently through a guide that describes the steps to be taken in order to apply a psychological treatment. A slight variation is guided self-help, which is distinguished "by the support that is given by a professional therapist or coach to the patient when working through the standardized treatment" (Cuijpers, Donker, van Straten, & Andersson, 2010, p. 1934. The support offered can range from assisting the person to work through the self-help program to emotional support and can be provided in a range of ways (e.g., face-to-face, telephone, or email). Most self-help interventions are based on standardized psychological treatments, with the most common interventions being those based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT: Cuijpers & Schuurmans, 2007). Self-help inter...

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Lifetime Prevalence of Psychotic and Bipolar I Disorders in a General Population

Abstract: Multiple sources of information are essential for accurate estimation of lifetime prevalences of psychotic disorders. The use of comprehensive methods reveals that their lifetime prevalence exceeds 3%.

Cited by 1,203 publications

References 67 publications

Patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia

Patterns of psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Self-help interventions for psychosis: A meta-analysis

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