Lifetime reproductive success, longevity, and reproductive life history of female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus)of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Rhine, Ramon J.; Norton, Guy W.; Wasser, Samuel K.

doi:10.1002/1098-2345(200008)51:4<229::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It appears that in this captive silvered leaf monkey population, males and females have comparable life expectancies. These findings contrast with the current literature on mammals including primates where males were found to have a shorter life expectancy than females [Gadgil and Bossert, 1970;Clutton-Brock et al, 1985;Clinton and Le Boeuf, 1993;primates: Richard, 1985;Debyser, 1995;baboons: Dunbar, 1980;Rhine et al, 2000;chimpanzees: Hill et al, 2001;Littleton, 2005;macaques: Drickamer, 1974;Sugiyamam, 1976;Fedigan and Zohar, 1997;mandrills: Setchell et al, 2005;sifaka: Richard et al, 2002]. This trend has also been documented in two wild colobine monkeys populations, Thomas leaf monkeys, where females are reported to live at least into their 20s and the oldest male in the study group was presumed dead at 11 years of age [Wich et al, 2007] and Hanuman langurs, a species that is about twice the body mass as silvered leaf monkeys, where females have been reported to live into their mid-30s while males may live only into their teens [Rajpurohit and Sommer, 1991].…”

Section: Life Expectancycontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…Additionally, it has also been found that in many mammal species [Gadgil and Bossert, ; Clutton‐Brock et al, ; Clinton and Le Boeuf, ], including primates [Richard, ; Debyser, ], males tend to have higher mortality rates and shorter life expectancy (average age at death) than females [primates: macaques: Drickamer, ; Fedigan and Zohar, ; baboons: Dunbar, ; Rhine et al, ; chimpanzees: Littleton, ; sifakas: Richard et al, ; mandrills: Setchell et al, ; Thomas leaf monkeys: Wich et al, ]. The higher mortality rate in males have by many been attributed to the increased likelihood of participating in risky behaviors like male–male contests, intergroup encounters, predator defense and increased exposure risks associated with emigration, all this coupled with high testosterone levels which have been shown to be an immunosuppressant (i.e., increased susceptibility to diseases) is believed to contribute toward a decreased life expectancy [Folstad and Karter, ; Moller et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival Patterns and Mortality in the North American Population of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus)

2013

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This study examines mortality in the North American (N.A.) population of silvered leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus) maintained in Association of Zoos and Aquarium's zoos. Understanding the causes of death associated with mortality rates (MR) can highlight relative susceptibility to intrinsic/extrinsic factors and differences between age and sex classes. Overall, life tables can provide insight into a species' population dynamics. We expect that the MR will fit the general mammalian and primate trends of a U-shaped curve when graphed, that males will have a higher MR and shorter life expectancy than females and that infant survival will be higher in captivity than in wild populations. Our results indicate that the N.A. captive population fits expected MR trends of a U-shaped curve. However, no differences in MR or life expectancy were found between the sexes. Infant survivorship did not differ from the wild or other leaf monkey populations (both captive and wild). The majority of infant deaths occurred on day 1 of life (52.8% of all infant deaths) and infant survivorship to 1 year was 66%. Neonates (n = 6, 31.6%) and infants (n = 4, 44.4%) died from trauma, juveniles (n = 2, 33.3%) from nutritional reasons, adults from non-infectious diseases (n = 7, 29.2%) and from post-surgical complications (n = 7, 29.2%), and older adults from idiopathic diseases (n = 4, 26.7%) and non-infectious diseases (n = 4, 26.7%). Only older adult males died from degenerative diseases (i.e., heart failure, n = 3, 42.9%). In general, this captive population demonstrated some similar trends to those observed in mammalian and Old World monkey populations.

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Section: Life Expectancycontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Patterns and Mortality in the North American Population of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus)

2013

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“…; Rhine et al. ; Altmann & Alberts ) and therefore could be used to make an initial estimate of males and females fitness in the absence of longer‐term data. Alternatively, other estimates of fitness that are more readily available for some primate populations, such as longevity, can be combined with genetic data on individual levels of inbreeding to estimate the fitness costs of inbreeding (see Charpentier et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding Avoidance in Male Primates: A Response to Female Mate Choice?

Tennenhouse

2013

Ethology

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Inbreeding often has negative fitness consequences for primates, which have led to the evolution of inbreeding avoidance strategies in a number of species. In polygynous primates, females may suffer a higher fitness cost from inbreeding than males and are thus expected to exhibit a lower tolerance for inbreeding. Nevertheless, it is apparent that inbreeding avoidance behaviours are common in both female and male polygynous primates. In this perspectives article, I review the evidence that female mate choice can lead to male inbreeding avoidance behaviours in polygynous primates. I conclude that male inbreeding avoidance may be strongly driven by female mate choice at both proximate and ultimate levels. To better understand the extent to which this pattern applies across the primate order, studies are needed on the separate effects of participating in inbred matings and producing inbred offspring on male and female lifetime reproductive success. It would also be useful to examine how inbreeding avoidance strategies vary across primate mating systems. Finally, measuring the covariance between female choice and male inbreeding avoidance behaviour, and between male inbreeding avoidance behaviour and male fitness, would help to clarify the role of female mate choice in the evolution of male inbreeding avoidance.

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“…Long-term studies of macaques and baboons suggest that both conditions are met. Hence, the natural environments of these species often vary radically within the course of a generation (Altmann and Alberts 2003;Dittus 1977;Rhine et al 2000). Furthermore, female social status may also change, either through group fission and dispersal or spontaneous reversal of pairs or entire genealogies (Chepko- Sade and Sade 1979;Chikazawa et al 1979).…”

Section: Evolutionary Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian Dysfunction, Stress, and Disease: A Primate Continuum

Kaplan¹,

Manuck²

2004

ILAR Journal

119

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Menopause is recognized as a period of increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and osteoporosis. Vulnerability to these conditions is often attributed to the naturally occurring estrogen deficiency characteristic of this part of the life cycle. Premenopausal reductions in endogenous estrogen occasioned by functional ovarian abnormalities or failure are hypothesized to be similarly pathogenic and to accelerate development of CHD and osteoporosis prematurely, thereby increasing the health burden of older women. These functional abnormalities, which occur along a continuum from mild, luteal phase progesterone deficiency to amenorrhea, are relatively common and are often attributed to psychogenic factors (stress, anxiety, depression, or other emotional disturbance), exercise, or energy imbalance. Although numerous investigators have commented on these functional deficits, the abnormalities can be difficult to diagnose and are generally unappreciated for the contribution they may make to postmenopausal disease. Studies in nonhuman primates confirm that these deficits are easily induced by psychological stress and exercise, and that they accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease and perhaps bone loss in the presence of a typical North American diet. However, functional reproductive deficits are also reversible and are thus potentially amenable to environmental or behavioral intervention. Data from both women and nonhuman primates support the hypothesis that functional reproductive deficits are adaptive when triggered appropriately but are detrimental when activated in an environment (e.g., sedentary lifestyle, high-fat diet) permissive to the development of chronic disease.

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Lifetime reproductive success, longevity, and reproductive life history of female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus)of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

Survival Patterns and Mortality in the North American Population of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus)

Survival Patterns and Mortality in the North American Population of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus)

Inbreeding Avoidance in Male Primates: A Response to Female Mate Choice?

Ovarian Dysfunction, Stress, and Disease: A Primate Continuum

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