LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, SELECTION, AND THE OPPORTUNITY FOR SELECTION IN THE WHITE-TAILED SKIMMER<i>PLATHEMIS LYDIA</i>(ODONATA: LIBELLULIDAE)

Koenig, Walter D.; Albano, Stephen S.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05768.x

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To measure dispersal to tanks, observations of adult dragonflies were conducted in both years. Passive observation rather than capture was used because capturing and handling adult dragonflies may increase their probability of moving away from the site of capture (Koenig and Albano 1987). Four sets of observations were made in 2002 and five in 2003.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dispersal and recruitment limitation on community structure of odonates in artificial ponds

McCauley

2006

Ecography

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I examined the effects of isolation on the structure of both adult and larval dragonfly (Odonata: Anisoptera) communities forming at physically identical artificial ponds over two years. Isolation, whether measured by distance to the nearest source habitat or by connectivity to multiple sources, was significantly negatively related to the species richness of dragonflies observed at and collected in these ponds. These results indicate that dispersal and recruitment limitation acted as filters on the richness of communities at these artificial ponds. The richness of larval recruits in artificial ponds was lower than the richness of adult dispersers observed at ponds, and distance from a source habitat explained a greater fraction of the variation in larval than adult richness (83 and 50%, respectively). These results and a male biased sex-ratio in adults observed at artificial ponds suggest that isolated habitats may be more recruitment limited than observations of dispersers would suggest. A Mantel test indicated there was a spatial component to the composition of communities forming in tanks, and that distance between tanks and community dissimilarity (1-Jaccard's) were significantly positively related (r 0/0.52). This pattern suggests that their position with respect to alternative source environments influenced the composition of the communities that recruited into these ponds. These results provide further evidence of recruitment limitation in this system. Results from this study highlight the importance behavior ally limited dispersal may have in taxa morphologically capable of broad dispersal and suggest that the role of dispersal and recruitment limitation may be critical in shaping community structure across habitat gradients that include variation in habitat duration. S. J. McCauleyDept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA Factors that affect community structure are often dispersal and recruitment, may also affect species divided into two general categories, local (niche-composition within local sites, by placing an upper assembly) processes and regional (dispersal-assembly) boundary on species richness and by limiting the processes (Ricklefs 1987). Both sets of processes can numbers of species arriving at sites suitable for local act as filters on the composition of local communities establishment (MacArthur and Wilson 1967, Cornell (Poff 1997). Local processes, including species interac-and Lawton 1992, Srivastava 1999). Understanding the tions and abiotic tolerances, can determine whether extent to which communities may be structured by species are able to establish and maintain populations processes at either level is a critical question in ecology once they have reached a habitat. Regional factors, and is central to the field of metacommunity ecology including the size of the species pool as well as (Leibold et al. 2004).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dispersal and recruitment limitation on community structure of odonates in artificial ponds

McCauley

2006

Ecography

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“…Again, this parallels the presumed agility advantages of small males in reproduction (SexS4). This hypothesis has been invoked almost exclusively in flying organisms, primarily birds (Andersson & Norberg 1981; Koenig & Albano 1987; Berrigan 1991; Balmford et al. 1993; Cuervo et al.…”

Section: Hypotheses Related To Predation Parasitism and Starvation (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Causes and Consequences of Sexual Size Dimorphism

2005

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Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread and variable among animals. According to the differential equilibrium model, SSD in a given species is expected to result if opposing selection forces equilibrate differently in both sexes. Here I review the factors that affect the evolution of SSD specifically as they relate to behavior. Taking the approach that SSD results as an epiphenomenon from separate but related selection on male and female body size, the advantages and disadvantages of large size in terms of the standard components of individual fitness (mating success, fecundity, viability, growth, foraging success) are discussed to help guiding future research on the subject. This includes a discussion of intra-SSDs. The main conclusions are: (1) Evidence for disadvantages of large body size is still sparse and requires more research. In contrast, evidence for sexual or fecundity selection favoring large body size is overwhelming, so these mechanisms do no longer require special attention, but need to be documented nonetheless to acquire a complete picture. (2) Some hypotheses suggesting that small size is favored are not well investigated at all, because they apply only to some species or restricted situations, may be difficult to study, or have simply been disregarded. Evidence for these cryptic hypotheses is best revealed using experiments under multiple environmental (food, temperature, etc.) stresses with particularly well-suited model species.(3) The evolution of SSD ultimately depends on processes generating variation within as well as between the sexes, so studies should always investigate and report effects on both sexes separately, in addition to size-dependent effects within each sex; within sexes the key issue is whether small individuals under, over-or perfectly compensate their general fitness disadvantage. (4) Tests of several hypotheses should be integrated in case studies of well-suited model species to investigate selection on body size comprehensively. For example, all episodes of sexual selection (mate search, competition, pre-and post-copulatory choice) should be addressed in conjunction. Investigations of size-selective and sex-dependent predation should take the viewpoint of the prey rather than the predator to permit integration of effects Ethology 111, 977-1016Ethology 111, 977- (2005 Ó 2005 The Author Journal compilation Ó 2005 Blackwell Verlag throughout prey ontogeny generated by various predators with differing preferences. Comparative studies should also test multiple alternative hypotheses at the same time to permit stronger inference. (5) Experimental behavioral studies of sexual and natural selection should provide selection differentials using the available standard methods. This would allow integration with phenomenological studies of selection and facilitate subsequent meta-analyses, which are very valuable in evaluating general patterns. (6) Comparative phylogenetic studies identifying patterns and phenomenological and experimental studies of model species that investigate...

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“…Total fitness W t (z) of an individual with character z can be estimated as the product of several fitness components corresponding to sequential transition rates among life-cycle stages, as: W t (z) ϭ ⌸W k (z) (Koenig and Albano 1987;Wade and Kalisz 1989;Campbell 1991). For Q. ilex, fitness during its early life can be expressed as:…”

Section: Estimation Of the Sequential Fitness Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I used the independent method proposed by Koenig and Albano (1987), in which the selection estimates for each fitness component are calculated by the use of only the individuals with nonzero fitness at the start of the lifecycle episode. These independent gradients are insensitive to the ordering of the life-cycle episodes and are not additive (Fairbairn and Reeve 2001).…”

Section: Estimation Of Phenotypic Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bigger Is Not Always Better: Conflicting Selective Pressures on Seed Size in Quercus Ilex

Gómez¹

2004

Evolution

278

139

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Most theoretical treatments of the evolutionary ecology of offspring size assume a simple and direct effect of investment per offspring on offspring fitness. In this paper I experimentally determine the relationship between seed mass and several main fitness components of the oak Quercus ilex, to estimate phenotypic selection acting on seed mass during the early life cycle and to discover any potential selective conflicts occurring between different stages from dispersal to establishment. I found a positive effect of acorn size on most fitness components related to seedling establishment. Large size increased germination rate and seedling survival, accelerated germination timing, and enhanced seedling growth. Nevertheless, there was also a direct negative effect of acorn size on survival to predation, because large acorns were highly preferred by the main postdispersal seed predators at the study site, wild boars and wood mice. Because of the low probability of escape from predation, the fitness of large acorns estimated on this component was significantly lower than the fitness of smaller acorns. Therefore, seed size affected fitness in two different ways, yielding opposing and conflicting selective forces. These findings suggest that the general assumption that offspring fitness is a fixed positive function of seed size needs to be reconsidered for some systems. The existence of conflicting selection might explain the occurrence of an optimal seed size in some plant species without invoking a seed number-size trade-off.

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LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, SELECTION, AND THE OPPORTUNITY FOR SELECTION IN THE WHITE-TAILED SKIMMERPLATHEMIS LYDIA(ODONATA: LIBELLULIDAE)

Cited by 72 publications

References 34 publications

The effects of dispersal and recruitment limitation on community structure of odonates in artificial ponds

The effects of dispersal and recruitment limitation on community structure of odonates in artificial ponds

Behavioral Causes and Consequences of Sexual Size Dimorphism

Bigger Is Not Always Better: Conflicting Selective Pressures on Seed Size in Quercus Ilex

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