Lifting map for ordered surfaces

Abstract

When a material surface is functionalized so as to acquire some type of order, functionalization of which soft condensed matter systems have recently provided many interesting examples, the modeller faces an alternative. Either the order is described on the curved, physical surface where it belongs, or it is described on a flat surface that is unrolled as pre-image of the physical surface under a suitable height function. This paper proposes a general method that pursues the latter avenue by lifting whatever order tensor is deemed appropriate from a flat to a curved surface. To produce a specific application, we specialize this method to nematic shells, for which it also provides a simple, but convincing interpretation of the outcomes of some molecular-dynamics experiments on ellipsoidal shells.