“…In the past centuries, with the development of human society, the increase in energy demand has led to the massive consumption of fossil fuels in the world, resulting in critical energy and environmental problems. To address these issues, it is necessary to develop new technology for carbon dioxide capture, storage, and utilization to realize carbon neutrality. , Solar energy is one of the potential renewable energies that can satisfy the future energy needs. Artificial photosynthesis using solar energy can split water into H 2 gas and reduce CO 2 to produce green fuels, such as methane and methanol, as well as high-valued compounds, such as ethane and ethylene, thereby converting solar energy into chemical energy. , In recent years, the use of CO 2 photoreduction to produce carbon-based energy and high-valued compounds has attracted extensive attention of researchers because it can generate renewable green energy and useful chemicals. , …”