Light-activated nanomaterials for tumor immunotherapy

Abstract

Tumor immunotherapy mainly relies on activating the immune system to achieve antitumor treatment. However, the present tumor immunotherapy used in the clinic showed low treatment efficacy with high systematic toxicity. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional drugs for immunotherapy, a series of antitumor immunotherapies based on nanomaterials have been developed to enhance the body’s antitumor immune response and reduce systematic toxicity. Due to the noninvasiveness, remote controllability, and high temporal and spatial resolution of light, photocontrolled nanomaterials irradiated by excitation light have been widely used in drug delivery and photocontrolled switching. This review aims to highlight recent advances in antitumor immunotherapy based on photocontrolled nanomaterials. We emphasized the advantages of nanocomposites for antitumor immunotherapy and highlighted the latest progress of antitumor immunotherapy based on photoactivated nanomaterials. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of light-activated nanomaterials in antitumor immunity are discussed.

ZnO based 0–3D diverse nano-architectures, films and coatings for biomedical applications

“…ZnO is well-known for its antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. 147,148 During the COVID-19 period, it was realized that along with medications, an antiviral surface with promising antiviral properties is also required which must be effective under outdoor as well as indoor conditions. 2,116 Additionally, the cleaning and disinfection of the various surfaces, mainly where there is more possibility of spreading of viruses, i.e.…”

“…In recent years, photo controlled nanomaterials irradiated by excitation light have found widespread application in drug delivery and photo controlled switching due to light's noninvasiveness, remote controllability, and high temporal and spatial resolution. 148 ZNSs have been found to be effective against tumor cells due to their unique chemical and physical properties. This discovery was made quite recently.…”

“…In recent years, photo controlled nanomaterials irradiated by excitation light have found widespread application in drug delivery and photo controlled switching due to light's noninvasiveness, remote controllability, and high temporal and spatial resolution. 148…”

Smart Polymeric Nanoparticles in Cancer Immunotherapy

“…Due to its noninvasive nature and high selectivity, light-responsive therapy is gaining increasing attention in clinical practice. The treatment is safer than traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy [ 116 ]. Near-infrared (NIR) light with wavelengths ranging from 750 to 2000 nm was found to be more effective in locating deeper positions in tissue [ 117 ].…”

Immunotherapy: cancer immunotherapy and its combination with nanomaterials and other therapies

“…[4][5][6] Tumor immunotherapy is the fourth most common cancer treatment method after surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. 7,8 Immunotherapy plays an essential part in the treatment of cancer by the activation or suppression of the immune system. 9 It has made breakthroughs in the therapy of malignant tumors such as melanoma, lung cancer and colorectal cancer, bringing new hope to cancer patients.…”