Light and Darkness: Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection among the General Population

Echevarría, J M

doi:10.1155/2014/481016

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…A wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic or subclinical to acute liver failure, can be observed [15]. The current rate between infection and disease is still unknown, but it is accepted that asymptomatic infection is the most common scenario [16]. The data from an outbreak on a cruise ship caused by genotype 3 showed that 67% of the infected people were asymptomatic [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Clemente-Casares

Ramos-Romero

Ramirez-Gonzalez

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Its presence in developing countries has been documented for decades. Developed countries were supposed to be virus-free and initially only imported cases were detected in those areas. However, sporadic and autochthonous cases of HEV infection have been identified and studies reveal that the virus is worldwide spread. Chronic hepatitis and multiple extrahepatic manifestations have also been associated with HEV. We review the data from European countries, where human, animal, and environmental data have been collected since the 90s. In Europe, autochthonous HEV strains were first detected in the late 90s and early 2000s. Since then, serological data have shown that the virus infects quite frequently the European population and that some species, such as pigs, wild boars, and deer, are reservoirs. HEV strains can be isolated from environmental samples and reach the food chain, as shown by the detection of the virus in mussels and in contaminated pork products as sausages or meat. All these data highlight the need of studies directed to control the sources of HEV to protect immunocompromised individuals that seem the weakest link of the HEV epidemiology in industrialized regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Clemente-Casares

Ramos-Romero

Ramirez-Gonzalez

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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“…Also, in Portugal, a case control study and different studies have shown the anti-HEV IgG prevalence of 2.1% -29% that was due to the different specificities and sensitivities of the assay (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis E in Eastern Iran

Azarkar

Ebrahimzadeh

Sharifzadeh

et al. 2017

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: Hepatitis E infection is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis. It is caused by the RNA virus of the hepatomegaly viridae family, which is transferred through stool in contaminated water. Cases of infection are most prevalent in developing countries. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E among urban adults. The reason was the current lack of information on the hepatitis E prevalence among the general population in the city of Birjand in eastern Iran. This information is necessary because Southern Khorasan is in close proximity to Afghanistan. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 522 participants aged over 17 years were selected from the city of Birjand, eastern Iran, using the random cluster sampling. The participants completed a researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, risk factors for infectious diseases such as records of blood transfusions, specific exposures, intravenous drug abuse, recent diagnosis or a history of liver disease, and other medical information. After selection, a blood sample was taken from each participant to a volume of 5 cc. Each blood sample was then measured for the title of IgG antivirus of hepatitis E by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using the third generation ELISA kit made by Delavara Company.

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“…This was the case of a hepatitis E outbreak that took place in 2008 during a cruise [91]. The concept of hepatitis E as a food-borne disease is particularly strong in western Europe, where the food chain is the main source of infection [92].…”

Section: Transmission Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Latest Developments in Knowledge

et al. 2016

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Hepatitis E, caused by Hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a highly prevalent disease in developing countries. In developed nations, autochthonous HEV infections seem to be an emergent disease. Its clinical manifestations and epidemiology are well known for endemic countries. It has been confirmed that hepatitis E is a zoonosis and that parenteral transmission can also occur. The molecular mechanisms of HEV replication are not fully understood, mostly because there are no efficient cell culture systems. HEV can cause chronic hepatitis in organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients. Cases with fulminant hepatitis and other extrahepatic manifestations have also been reported. The diagnosis is based on serological studies and detection of HEV RNA in blood and feces. Treatment with ribavirin and/or pegylated-IFN-α have proven to be successful in some cases. The recently approved/marketed vaccine is a good option in order to prevent this infection.

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Light and Darkness: Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection among the General Population

Cited by 33 publications

References 105 publications

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis E in Eastern Iran

Hepatitis E: Latest Developments in Knowledge

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