Light and Electron Microscope Observations On Presporogonic and Sporogonic Stages of <i>Sphaerospora Epinepheli</i> (Myxosporea) In Grouper (<i>Epinephelus Malabaricus</i>)

Supamattaya, K.; Fischer-Scherl, T.; Hoffmann, Rudolf; Boonyaratpalin, S

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04885.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…obs.). In addition, the noted tendency for a peripheral distribution of sporoplasmosomes in primary cells of malacosporeans (Canning et al ., 2000; Canning et al ., 2009) is also sometimes occasionally observed in the primary cytoplasm of myxosporeans (Supamattaya et al ., 1993). We would note that in our experience malacosporean sporogonic stages in kidney are difficult to find relative to myxosporean stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malacosporean myxozoans exploit a diversity of fish hosts

et al. 2019

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Myxozoans are widespread and common endoparasites of fish with complex life cycles, infecting vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. There are two classes: Myxosporea and Malacosporea. To date about 2500 myxosporean species have been described. By comparison, there are only five described malacosporean species. Malacosporean development in the invertebrate hosts (freshwater bryozoans) has been relatively well studied but is poorly known in fish hosts. Our aim was to investigate the presence and development of malacosporeans infecting a diversity of fish from Brazil, Europe and the USA. We examined kidney from 256 fish belonging variously to the Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, Nemacheilidae, Esocidae, Percidae, Polyodontidae, Serrasalmidae, Cichlidae and Pimelodidae. Malacosporean infections were detected and identified by polymerase chain reaction and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing, and the presence of sporogonic stages was evaluated by ultrastructural examination. We found five malacosporean infections in populations of seven European fish species (brown trout, rainbow trout, white fish, dace, roach, gudgeon and stone loach). Ultrastructural analyses revealed sporogonic stages in kidney tubules of three fish species (brown trout, roach and stone loach), providing evidence that fish belonging to at least three families are true hosts. These results expand the range of fish hosts exploited by malacosporeans to complete their life cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malacosporean myxozoans exploit a diversity of fish hosts

et al. 2019

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“…In sphaerosporids it is documented in S. angulata, S. dykovae, S. galinae, S. molnari, S. ojiroveci, S. tincae Plehn, 1925and apparently S. ictaluri Hedrick, McDowell et groff, 1990(see Hamilton 1980, Lom et al 1982, Desser et al 1983, Lom et al 1985, Hedrick et al 1990, Kaup et al 1995, Dyková and Lom 1997, all of which parasitise freshwater fish and thus most probably belong to the Lineage B, as confirmed for S. angulata, S. molnari and S. dykovae (all three B1) , Eszterbauer et al 2013, Holzer et al 2013a. The H/S-shaped polar filament is known in both marine/ brackish and freshwater species, namely in S. epinepheli, S. sparidarum (both A), S. elegans, S. truttae (both B2), polysporoplasmid sphaerosporids S. sparis (B3) and S. mugilis (most probably B3) and S. ranae (B4) (Feist et al 1991, Supamattaya et al 1993, Mcgeorge et al 1994, Sitjà-Bobadilla and Alvarez-Pellitero 1995.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering only Sphaerospora s. s. with known phylogenetic position, reasonable ultrastructural data are available for four of the five sphaerosporid lineages. These include (Lineage -species): A -Sphaerospora epinepheli Supamattaya, FischerScherl, Hoffmann et Boonyaratpalin, 1991, Sphaerospora sparidarum (Sitjà-Bobadilla et Alvarez-Pellitero, 2001); B1 -Sphaerospora angulata Fujita, 1912, Sphaerospora dykovae (Dyková et Lom, 1982), Sphaerospora molnari Lom, Dyková, Pavlásková et grupcheva, 1983; B2 -Sphaerospora elegans Thélohan, 1892, Sphaerospora truttae Fischer-Scherl, el-Matbouli et Hoffmann, 1986; B3 -Sphaerospora sparis (Sitjà-Bobadilla et AlvarezPellitero, 1995) (see Hamilton 1980, Desser et al 1983, Feist et al 1991, Supamattaya et al 1993, Mcgeorge et al 1994, Kaup et al 1995, Sitjà-Bobadilla and AlvarezPellitero 1995). Thus, the only lineage lacking any ultrastructural data is the Lineage B4 containing sphaerosporids parasitising amphibians.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and localisation of late-sporogonic developmental stages of Sphaerospora ranae (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae)

Jirků¹,

Bartošová-Sojková²

2014

FOLIA PARASIT

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Data on external ultrastructure of myxospores and internal ultrastructure of advanced pseudoplasmodia and myxospores of topotypic samples of Sphaerospora ranae (Morelle, 1929) from Rana dalmatina Bonaparte are provided, together with in situ hybridisation results. In both frogs examined, the infection was restricted to renal tubules and corpuscles. The infection site restriction was confirmed by light and transmission electron microscopy, as well as by in situ hybridisation. In addition, large myxospore masses measuring up to 500 μm were detected in seminal vesicles. Only late-sporogonic stages, i.e. pseudoplasmodia harbouring immature and/or mature myxospores, were observed and analysed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that spores have smooth surface with exception of posterior valvular bulges, which possess numerous outwards opening internal canals. As revealed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the canals are continuous invaginations of the outer spore surface. Myxospores of S. ranae are characterised by the presence of two uninucleate sporoplasms, bilayered polar capsules, S/H-shaped polar filaments in transversal section and multilayered polar filament eversion pole plugging complex. Ultrastructural observations are discussed in the context of available data for other species of Sphaerospora sensu stricto and apparent synchronisation of myxospore shedding with a brief aquatic breeding phase of vertebrate intermediate host is highlighted.

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“…proliferate in this hostile place [e.g. (18,183,(186)(187)(188)] and since several species were reported to be mobile (187) it may be assumed that, though an energetically costly, rapid motility it is effective in avoiding contact with and attachment of host immune cells.…”

Section: Active Evasion Of Host Immune Cell Contact -Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

To React or Not to React: The Dilemma of Fish Immune Systems Facing Myxozoan Infections

et al. 2021

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Myxozoans are microscopic, metazoan, obligate parasites, belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. In contrast to the free-living lifestyle of most members of this taxon, myxozoans have complex life cycles alternating between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Vertebrate hosts are primarily fish, although they are also reported from amphibians, reptiles, trematodes, mollusks, birds and mammals. Invertebrate hosts include annelids and bryozoans. Most myxozoans are not overtly pathogenic to fish hosts, but some are responsible for severe economic losses in fisheries and aquaculture. In both scenarios, the interaction between the parasite and the host immune system is key to explain such different outcomes of this relationship. Innate immune responses contribute to the resistance of certain fish strains and species, and the absence or low levels of some innate and regulatory factors explain the high pathogenicity of some infections. In many cases, immune evasion explains the absence of a host response and allows the parasite to proliferate covertly during the first stages of the infection. In some infections, the lack of an appropriate regulatory response results in an excessive inflammatory response, causing immunopathological consequences that are worse than inflicted by the parasite itself. This review will update the available information about the immune responses against Myxozoa, with special focus on T and B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin responses, how these immune effectors are modulated by different biotic and abiotic factors, and on the mechanisms of immune evasion targeting specific immune effectors. The current and future design of control strategies for myxozoan diseases is based on understanding this myxozoan-fish interaction, and immune-based strategies such as improvement of innate and specific factors through diets and additives, host genetic selection, passive immunization and vaccination, are starting to be considered.

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Light and Electron Microscope Observations On Presporogonic and Sporogonic Stages of Sphaerospora Epinepheli (Myxosporea) In Grouper (Epinephelus Malabaricus)

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Malacosporean myxozoans exploit a diversity of fish hosts

Malacosporean myxozoans exploit a diversity of fish hosts

Ultrastructure and localisation of late-sporogonic developmental stages of Sphaerospora ranae (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae)

To React or Not to React: The Dilemma of Fish Immune Systems Facing Myxozoan Infections

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