Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is known to be stored in specific secretory granules of cardiac myocytes. Atrial distension seems to be the major stimulus for ANP release. In the present study, we have investigated by means of light and electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay (RIA) left atrial ANPgranule content and ANP release of isolated rat heart, perfused with different left atrial pressures (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm H2O). Left atrial ANP-granule content was significantly reduced when left atrial pressure was elevated by perfusion volume expansion. There were no significant differences in ANP-granule content after perfusion with identical pressures over different time periods (20 min or 60 min). Measurement of ANP in the coronary effluent by RIA showed a significant pressure-dependent increase of ANP release, except for left atrial pressure elevation from 15 to 20 cm H2O, which did not result in a further increase of ANP release.