Light-dependent changes in plastid differentiation influence carotenoid gene expression and accumulation in carrot roots

Fuentes, Paulina; Pizarro, Lorena; Moreno, Juan C.; Handford, Michael; Rodríguez‐Concepción, Manuel; Stange, Claudia

doi:10.1007/s11103-012-9893-2

Cited by 96 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Together, these findings make DCAR_032551 a plausible regulatory candidate. Considering our results coupled with previous physiological studies 44 , we hypothesize that carotenoid accumulation in carrot taproot results from root de-etiolation, whereby the repression of photomorphogenic development typically found in etiolated roots is lifted. The resulting overexpression of DXS1 provides precursors to the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, which leads to an accumulation of carotenoids in orange and yellow (yy) carrot roots (Fig.…”

Section: A Model For Carotenoid Accumulation In Carrot Rootssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In spite of the striking color variation attributed to these two genes, little is known about the molecular basis of carotenoid accumulation in carrot. Although homologs of all known carotenoid biosynthesis genes have been identified in carrot, none appear to be responsible for carotenoid accumulation [42][43][44][45][46] 41 . Fine-mapping analysis identified a 75-kb region on chromosome 5 that harbors the Y gene (Fig.…”

Section: A Candidate Gene Controlling High Carotenoid Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, when exposed to light, these mutants demonstrate ectopic expression of genes involved in chloroplast formation 58 . Physiological studies have demonstrated that, unlike other species, carrots with carotenoid-rich roots have ectopic chloroplast accumulation when exposed to light 44,60 and that highly pigmented carrot roots have upregulation of photosystem-related genes in comparison with white roots 27 Figure 5 Working model of the regulation of carotenoid accumulation in carrot root. Upward and downward pointing arrows indicate upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively, in the yellow versus white (yellow arrows) and dark orange versus pale orange (orange arrows) comparisons.…”

Section: A Model For Carotenoid Accumulation In Carrot Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

et al. 2016

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5 7Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota L.; 2n = 2x = 18) is a globally important root crop whose production has quadrupled between 1976 and 2013 (FAO Statistics; see URLs), outpacing the overall rate of increase in vegetable production and world population growth (FAO Statistics; see URLs) through development of high-value products for fresh consumption, juices, and natural pigments and cultivars adapted to warmer production regions 1 .The first documented colors for domesticated carrot root were yellow and purple in Central Asia approximately 1,100 years ago 2,3 , with orange carrots not reliably reported until the sixteenth century in Europe 4,5 . The popularity of orange carrots is fortuitous for modern consumers because the orange pigmentation results from high quantities of alpha-and beta-carotene, making carrots the richest source of provitamin A in the US diet 6 . Carrot breeding has substantially increased nutritional value, with a 50% average increase in carotene content in the United States as compared to 40 years ago 6 . Lycopene and lutein in red and yellow carrots, respectively, are also nutritionally important carotenoids, making carrot a model system to study storage root development and carotenoid accumulation.Carrot is the most important crop in the Apiaceae family, which includes numerous other vegetables, herbs, spices, and medicinal plants that enhance the epicurean experience 7 , including celery, parsnip, arracacha, parsley, fennel, coriander, and cumin. The Apiaceae family belongs to the euasterid II clade, which includes important crops such as lettuce and sunflower 8 . Genome sequences of euasterid I species have been reported, but only two genomes 9,10 have been published among the other euasterid II species.Here we report a high-quality genome assembly of a doubledhaploid orange carrot, characterization of the mechanism controlling carotenoid accumulation in storage roots, and the resequencing of 35 accessions spanning the genetic diversity of the Daucus genus. Our comprehensive genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution of the asterids and several gene families. These results will facilitate biological discovery and crop improvement in carrot and other crops.A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution We report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of the carrot (Daucus carota) genome, the first sequenced genome to include a comparative evolutionary analysis among members of the euasterid II clade. We characterized two new polyploidization events, both occurring after the divergence of carrot from members of the Asterales order, clarifying the evolutionary scenario before and after radiation of the two main asterid clades. Large- and small-scale lineage-specific duplications have contributed to the expansion of gene families, including those with roles in flowering time, defense response, flavor, and pigment accumulation. We identified a candidate gene, DCAR_032551, that conditions caro...

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Section: A Model For Carotenoid Accumulation In Carrot Rootssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: A Candidate Gene Controlling High Carotenoid Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Model For Carotenoid Accumulation In Carrot Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

et al. 2016

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“…In the plants studied, the PSY genes not only showed diversity in gene evolution and structure, but also tissue-specific expression and function evolution in different plants (Giorio et al, 2008;Stange et al, 2008;Arango et al, 2010;Fuentes et al, 2012). In the present study, we comprehensively analyzed the PSY gene family in plants on the entire genome level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

In silico identification and analysis of phytoene synthase genes in plants

Han¹,

Qs²,

Yp³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. In this study, we examined phytoene synthetase (PSY), the first key limiting enzyme in the synthesis of carotenoids and catalyzing the formation of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate in terpenoid biosynthesis. We used known amino acid sequences of the PSY gene in tomato plants to conduct a genome-wide search and identify putative candidates in 34 sequenced plants. A total of 101 homologous genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PSY evolved independently in algae as well as monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Our results showed that the amino acid structures exhibited 5 motifs (motifs 1 to 5) in algae and those in higher plants were highly conserved. The PSY gene structures showed that the number of intron in algae varied widely, while the number of introns in higher plants was 4 to 5. Identification of PSY genes in plants and the analysis of the gene structure may provide a theoretical basis for studying evolutionary relationships in future analyses.

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“…The immutans (im) variegation mutant, that has a defect in plastoquinol terminal oxidase IMMUTANS (IM) termed PTOX that transfers electrons from the plastoquinone (PQ) pool to molecular oxygen, presents variegated leaves. Considering the PQ pool as a potent initiator of retrograde signaling, a plausible hypothesis is that PDS activity exerts considerable control on excitation pressure, especially during chloroplast biogenesis when the photosynthetic electron transport chain is not yet fully functional and electrons from the desaturation reactions of carotenogenesis cannot be transferred efficiently to acceptors downstream of the PQ pool (Foudree et al, 2010). Several different types of electronic interactions between carotenoids and chlorophylls have been proposed to play a key role as dissipation valves for excess excitation energy.…”

Section: Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis Are Simultaneously Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids and Photosynthesis - Regulation of Carotenoid Biosyntesis by Photoreceptors

Stange¹,

Flores²

2012

Advances in Photosynthesis - Fundamental Aspects

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Light-dependent changes in plastid differentiation influence carotenoid gene expression and accumulation in carrot roots

Cited by 96 publications

References 51 publications

A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

In silico identification and analysis of phytoene synthase genes in plants

Carotenoids and Photosynthesis - Regulation of Carotenoid Biosyntesis by Photoreceptors

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