As solid-state lighting becomes smarter and strives for more than saving energy, the ability to tailor the spectrum following specific requirements offers tremendous opportunities. Here, four authors from the University of Central Florida propose low-cost, lightdiffusing perovskite-polymer composites to meet demand.WITH ITS LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION, LONGER LIFEtime, smaller size, higher brightness, and faster response time, solid-state lighting (SSL) based on white LEDs has gradually overtaken incandescent and fluorescent lighting sources in the last few decades.1 Although researchers have devoted significant effort to improving its efficiency, they've also studied the biological impact of light on human beings, plants, and animals.2,3 Now is the time for SSL manufacturers to aim beyond energy savings, and expand their focus to applications such as circadian or horticultural lighting. In that sense, tailoring the spectrum according to specific requirements will become increasingly crucial, as it will maximize the effectiveness of the lighting by ensuring the presence of necessary spectrum components and, in the meantime, reduce or omit unnecessary or even damaging portions of the spectrum. For instance, under ambient light, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) innervating the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) can influence melatonin secretion, thereby affecting the circadian rhythm.4 In reference to the experiments on light-induced melatonin suppression, Dietrich Gall proposed an "action spectrum" of the circadian effect, with a peak at blue wavelengths.5 (Incidentally, an "action spectrum" means a response spectrum correlated to the circadian effect, in this case with a peak around 460 nanometers [nm].) Indeed, it is necessary to factor the circadian effect into future design considerations to achieve human circadian lighting.With this in mind, here we examine current SSL solutions and, based on the tailored SSL requirements, we propose low-cost, light-diffusing perovskite-polymer composites as candidates for narrow-band, color-tunable emitters. Using spectral optimizations, we offer a circadian SSL solution with high efficiency and excellent color rendering by incorporating perovskite-polymer composites.
What SSL Currently OffersCurrent SSL solutions can be roughly categorized into three classes. Phosphor-converted white LEDs (pc-WLEDs) are the first and most mainstream solution. The simple design and low cost make them ideal for general, static lighting. However, the phosphor's broad spectral power distribution (SPD) is considered spectrally inefficient, because human eyes are most sensitive to green light with a peak at 555 nm (photopic vision), and the broad SPD causes a significant spillover of light into the deeper red where human vision is not very sensitive. Meanwhile, as SSL becomes smarter, it requires SPD dynamic tuning. 6,7 Although some existing proposals can tune the SPD of pc-WLEDs (by using, for example, an active color filter), 8,9 it is still energy-inefficient, with a ra...