Developing highly efficient catalysts for chemoselective
oxidation
of methane to methanol under mild conditions is a grand challenge.
We report the successful design and synthesis of a heterogeneous single-site
cobalt hydroxide catalyst [Ce-UiO-Co(OH)] supported by the nodes of
a cerium metal–organic framework (Ce-UiO-66 MOF), which is
efficient in partial methane oxidation using hydrogen peroxide at
80 °C, giving an extraordinarily high methanol yield of 2166
mmol gcat
–1 in 99% selectivity with a
turnover number of 3250. The Ce-UiO-Co catalyst is significantly more
active and selective than its iso-structural zirconium analogue Zr-UiO-Co
in methane to methanol conversion. Experimental and computational
studies suggest the formation of the CoIII(η2-hydroperoxide) intermediate coordinating with one μ4-O– and two neutral carboxylate oxygens
of Ce4+ oxo nodes within the pores of Ce-UiO-66, which
undergoes σ-bond metathesis with the methane C–H bond
in the turnover limiting step of the catalytic cycle. The significantly
lower activation energy of Ce-UiO-Co than Zr-UiO-Co is due to the
highly electron-deficient nature of the cobalt ion of the Co(η2-O2H) species supported by the Ce-UiO nodes, which
promotes facile C–H activation of methane via σ-bond
metathesis. This MOF-based catalyst design holds promise in developing
molecular electrophilic abundant metal catalysts for chemoselective
functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons.