Light‐Driven Plasmonic Color Filters by Overlaying Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals on Gold Annular Aperture Arrays

Liu, Yan Jun; Yuan, Guang; Leong, Eng Choon; Xiang, N.; Danner, Aaron J.; Teng, Jinghua

doi:10.1002/adma.201104440

Cited by 115 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…[1][2][3] However, it remains a grand challenge to realize dynamic and reversible tuning of plasmons with large spectral shifts, which can be applied in large-area wallpapers and video walls, as well as sensors. Previous attempts to realize such a dynamic and reversible tuning used liquid crystals, [ 4,5 ] phase-change materials, DNA origami, [6][7][8] mechanical stretching, [ 9,10 ] stimuli-responsive polymers, [11][12][13][14] and electric fi elds. [ 15,16 ] However, either the tuning range was very small (<50 nm) or the plasmonic nanostructures were poorly defi ned (random aggregates), which hinders in-depth understanding and practical applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fast Dynamic Color Switching in Temperature‐Responsive Plasmonic Films

Ding

Rüttiger

Zheng

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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COMMUNICATIONmembranes, biosensing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. [ 19,20 ] Due to its strong volume shrinkage (up to 90%) when the temperature rises above a critical hydration temperature ( T c ) and its full reversibility across this phase transition, pNIPAM has been utilized to tune plasmons in Au/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, because these plasmonic assemblies are either randomly decorated around the surface of pNIPAM microgels or aggregates with undefi ned number of particles and confi gurations, it is hard to understand the physics of the mixture of different plasmonic constructs properly. Moreover, it takes time for water to diffuse inside the microgels to fully swell them, thus the speed of volume changes has been relatively slow (typically a few seconds).Here, we graft pNIPAM layers ( d = 70 nm thick) onto Au mirror by applying surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) protocols, and place scattering Au NPs on top. By utilizing the phase transition of the pNIPAM, the separation between Au NP and Au fi lm is widely tunable, thereby leading to a dynamic and reversible plasmon tuning system based on modulating the resonant modes. The resulting fi lms exhibit strong color changes, are simple to fabricate, can be fl exible, are low cost, can easily scale to large areas, and respond faster than video rates. In addition, the plasmonic nanoparticles can also be optically irradiated to locally switch the surrounding pNIPAM layers, creating video-rate all-optical switching over large areas.The Au mirrors are deposited via electron beam evaporation with roughness controlled below 1.5 ± 0.5 nm. [ 28 ] The pNIPAM fi lms are then prepared on these Au fi lms by SI-ATRP ( Figure 1 , Experimental Section). [ 29 ] The thickness of the as-grown dry pNIPAM fi lms is determined to be 67 ± 1 nm via ellipsometry ( Figure S1, Supporting Information). The molecular weight estimated from the free pNIPAM synthesized under the same condition is 26.3 kDa as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. The transition temperature of this pNIPAM fi lm determined through contact angle measurement is around 30 °C ( Figure S2, Supporting Information). This value is slightly lower than the normal lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (32 °C) of pNIPAM mainly because of the residue Cu 2+ salts and polar end groups introduced during the ATRP process. The D = 100 nm diameter Au NPs (from BBI Solutions with 10% monodispersity, Figure S3, Supporting Information) deposited on the fi lms from solution appear slightly embedded inside the pNIPAM brushes as seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (inset Figure 1 ). Nanoparticle densities are varied up to 1 nanoparticle µm -2 to ensure that there is minimal coupling between nanoparticles, while the total scattering is maximized. Though this Au NP on mirror (NPoM) is related to the recent advances in small-gap constructs, [ 22 ] here the gap remains larger than the radius, reducing the plasmonic This is an ope...

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confidence: 99%

Fast Dynamic Color Switching in Temperature‐Responsive Plasmonic Films

Ding

Rüttiger

Zheng

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Later, Yang et al demonstrated the Fano resonance of gold mushroom arrays from the coupling of localized surface plasmon with Wood's anomaly to achieve the narrow line width and high index sensitivity [23]. Recently, annular aperture arrays have drawn a wide research interest in the color filter [24,25], thresholdless nanolaser [26], and quarter-wave plates [27] in the visible range. However, there are few reports about annular aperture arrays for the application of biosensors [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tunable Plasmonic Resonances in the Hexagonal Nanoarrays of Annular Aperture for Biosensing

Liang

Chu

et al. 2015

Plasmonics

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In this paper, we demonstrate a nanostructure sensor based on hexagonal arrays of annular aperture operating in the near-infrared wavelength range. The strong coupling interaction between propagating surface plasmons (PSP) mode and localized surface plasmons (LSP) mode in the designed structure generates two sharp spectral features under normal incidence. The mode coupling strongly enhances the electromagnetic fields and increases the interaction volume of the analyte and optical field. A high refractive index sensitivity of 623 nm/ RIU is demonstrated in a wide refractive index range of 1.33 to 1.40. Due to the excitation of sharp spectral feature, as narrow as 7 nm, high figure of merits of 93 was obtained in the refractive index range, which is nearly 10 times larger than that from hole arrays and disk arrays. Furthermore, sharp spectral feature in the designed structure provides more error margin for structure parameters, which is advantageous for experimental realization of systems without requiring challenging fabrication resolution. The sensor is promising for biosensing applications with high sensitivity and low limit of detection.

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“…24,25 We now show that by using advanced lithography and simulation tools (which can create mm scale arrays in <2 h), we can generate a porous SERS material for molecular interrogation. Compared to circular voids, the annular material exhibits Raman enhancements 6 times larger, while also providing spectra containing a greater level of information.…”

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Annular nanoplasmonic void arrays as tunable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

Clark

Cooper

2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We report the use of annular nano-voids in a metallic thin-film as programmable molecular sensors for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). To date, research into these structures has focused on the exploration of their extraordinary optical transmission attributes. We now show that by using advanced lithography and simulation tools, we can generate a porous SERS material for molecular interrogation. Using ultra-thin annular structures, rather than simple circular holes, allows us to reduce both the volume and cross-sectional area of the void, maximizing the electric-field confinement, while, importantly for SERS, producing resonant conditions in the visible region of the spectrum. By comparing our annular films with conventional circular films with the same resonant frequency, we show a significant improvement in the efficiency of Raman scatter, creating stronger signals that also contain more spectral information.

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Light‐Driven Plasmonic Color Filters by Overlaying Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals on Gold Annular Aperture Arrays

Cited by 115 publications

References 52 publications

Fast Dynamic Color Switching in Temperature‐Responsive Plasmonic Films

Fast Dynamic Color Switching in Temperature‐Responsive Plasmonic Films

Tunable Plasmonic Resonances in the Hexagonal Nanoarrays of Annular Aperture for Biosensing

Annular nanoplasmonic void arrays as tunable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

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