Light emission signatures from ballistic impact of reactive metal projectiles

Idrici, Dihia; Goroshin, Samuel; Soo, Michael; Frost, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.103814

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The remaining fragments subsequently penetrate and damage the Al plate with kinetic and chemical energy. The light emitted by impacts arises from burning debris [47]. Due to the large specific surface area, small fragments are fully in contact with oxygen and contribute more to the chemical reaction, releasing energy to generate flames and leaving black reaction traces on the Al plate.…”

Section: Energetic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass-Forming Ability, Mechanical Properties, and Energetic Characteristics of ZrCuNiAlNbHfY Bulk Metallic Glasses

Yu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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The effects of partially substituting Al for Cu in Zr59.62Cu18.4-xNi12Al6+xNb3Hf0.78Y0.2 (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 at.%) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) on their glass-forming ability (GFA), quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties, and energy characteristics were investigated. The results showed that an appropriate substitution of Al for Cu can improve GFA and reach a critical casting size up to 10 mm. Additionally, with Al replacement of Cu, the change in the distribution and content of free volume inside the BMGs was the main reason for the quasi-static compression plasticity. In contrast, the BMGs exhibited no plasticity during dynamic compression and high-speed impact, owing to the short loading time and thermal softening effect. In terms of energy characteristics, all alloys have a high combustion enthalpy. And on the surface of the fragments collected from impact, the active elements Zr, Al, and Nb reacted because of the adiabatic temperature rise. Further, x = 4 at.% Zr-based BMG with its superior overall performance could penetrate a 6 mm Q235 plate at a speed of 1038 m/s, combining excellent mechanical properties and energy characteristics. This study contributes to the development of Zr-based BMGs as novel energetic structural materials.

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Section: Energetic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass-Forming Ability, Mechanical Properties, and Energetic Characteristics of ZrCuNiAlNbHfY Bulk Metallic Glasses

Yu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…IIR has been fundamentally studied in a body of research work using a single reactive fragment or a blunt projectile on the order of 1 cm striking a target [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. These fragments were often designed to survive explosive launch but shattered and reacted upon highspeed impact, thus incorporating the defeat mechanisms of kinetic and chemical energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An impact velocity (or kinetic energy) beyond a critical value for specific SRM material characteristics was indispensable to create both strong initiation (shock and plastic deformation heat) and fine metal debris (high reaction rate) for sufficiently prompt aerobic metal combustion. Studies, for example, included using a Zr sphere 6.4 mm in diameter onto a steel plate at an impact velocity ranging from 150 m/s to 2500 m/s [11]; ϕ3.2 mm×3.2 mm Al, Ti, and Zr cylinders onto an aluminum oxide plate (for optical diagnostics) backed by steel support at an impact velocity in the range of 450-1100 m/s [15]; a ϕ10 mm×10 mm Zn-based rod (ρ = 6.80 g/cm 3 ) onto an Al plate at an impact velocity ranging from 323 m/s to 763 m/s [14]; a ϕ10 mm ×11 mm Zr-Ti-Nb rod (ρ = 6.53 g/cm 3 ) onto a steel plate at an impact velocity ranging between 400 and 1500 m/s [16]; a 5.2 mm diameter W-Zr sphere (ρ = 12.78 g/cm 3 ) onto a Ti alloy plate at an impact velocity in the range of 1840-4040 m/s [17]. W-Ti-Zr was designed and studied by increasing the Ti content so that a WTi x solid solution was formed to suppress the coarse brittle W 2 Zr phase, thus improving the ductility and other properties [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This involved a test specimen perforating a thin window plate (typically 1-2 mm), followed by impacting a metal target enclosed in the quasi-sealed chamber to measure a quasi-static pressure to assess the energy-releasing behavior from the burning debris. Alternatively, light emission signatures were also employed as a metric to evaluate the performance of an SRM fragment, in which the light emission history data of the impact process was recorded and analyzed to elaborate the critical impact velocity and mechanisms for ignition and combustion of the metal debris [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hetero‐blast from a structural reactive material cylinder under explosive loading

Zhang,

Yoshinaka,

Ripley

2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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A structural reactive material (SRM) cylinder is considered here as a limiting case of a dense metallic energetic system in which a mixture of metal particles is consolidated to the theoretical maximum density excluding porosity, to possess both high energy density and mechanical strength. Dynamic fragmentation and free‐field explosion of a 103 mm inner diameter SRM cylinder charge is experimentally studied, with a wall thickness varying in a range of metal‐to‐explosive mass ratio M/C=1.3 to 4.0. Under explosive loading, the SRM cylinder produces a designated fragment size distribution divided into two groups: fine fragments with sizes on the order of 102 μm and below, and coarse fragments with sizes on the order ranging between 100‐101 mm. Prompt detonation shock‐induced reaction (DSIR) of the expanding cloud of high‐concentration fine fragments supplements the energy to enhance the primary blast as it propagates, while the coarse fragments form a high‐speed, high‐concentration metal momentum flux crossing the fireball and blast front to contribute to the total impulse loading to a nearby structure. Rapid impact‐induced reaction (IIR) of the secondary fragments from high‐speed coarse SRM fragments further enhances the reflected blast loading or generates a high interior explosion pressure as fragments perforate into the structure. The above distinctive characteristics of a unique hetero‐blast are coupled effectively in the near‐field range.

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Experimental investigation of spectral evolution in flash radiation by hypervelocity impact on aluminum plates

Chen,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Defence Technology

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Light emission signatures from ballistic impact of reactive metal projectiles

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Glass-Forming Ability, Mechanical Properties, and Energetic Characteristics of ZrCuNiAlNbHfY Bulk Metallic Glasses

Glass-Forming Ability, Mechanical Properties, and Energetic Characteristics of ZrCuNiAlNbHfY Bulk Metallic Glasses

Hetero‐blast from a structural reactive material cylinder under explosive loading

Experimental investigation of spectral evolution in flash radiation by hypervelocity impact on aluminum plates

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