Light‐Emitting Paper

Abstract

A solution-based fabrication of fl exible and light-weight light-emitting devices on paper substrates is reported. Two different types of paper substrates are coated with a surface-emitting light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) device: a multilayer-coated specialty paper with an intermediate surface roughness of 0.4 µm and a low-end and low-cost copy paper with a large surface roughness of 5 µm. The entire device fabrication is executed using a handheld airbrush, and it is notable that all of the constituent layers are deposited from solution under ambient air. The top-emitting paper-LECs are highly fl exible, and display a uniform light emission with a luminance of 200 cd m −2 at a current conversion effi cacy of 1.4 cd A −1 .

Electrically Activated Paper Actuators

“…cost, weight, printability, and porosity), HEPAs could be useful in applications benefitting from monolithic integration in paper-based printed microfluidic [6][7][8][9][10] and electronic devices, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] paper MEMS, [16,23,24] printable and foldable micro machines, [24][25][26] and robots. [25,27,40] Their speed of actuation, and the force they produce, however, is low (by standards of more conventional electromagnetic and pneumatic / hydrolic systems), but they are also lighter, much less expensive, and much more easily integrated with paper devices (diagnostic, bioanalytical, and electromechanical systems, for example) than are the more universal systems.…”

“…[2] In recent years, paper has become increasingly interesting as a material in new applications. [3][4][5] For example, we and others have used it for microfluidic [6][7][8][9][10] and electroanalytical devices as the basis for low-cost diagnostics, [11,12] as 3-D scaffolds for cell growth, [13][14][15] as a substrate for printed electronics, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). [16,23,24] A missing component for paper-based devices is an electrically controlled actuator that is embedded within the paper, can be fabricated by printing, and continues to operate when the paper that supports it is creased and/or folded.…”

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells: A Review on Recent Progress

“…It was fabricated by sequentially spraysintering an active-material ink and a Ag-nanowire ink (the cathode) onto a stainless-steel fork, functioning as the combined anode and substrate [69]. The spray-sintering technique has also recently been employed to fabricate a lightemitting device on a conventional and highly rough copy paper [70]. The utilization of more non-conventional and complex substrates further includes the fabrication of LEC devices on various wire substrates to obtain light-emitting fibers [71][72][73][74][75].…”

Thin-film organic semiconductor devices: from flexibility to ultraflexibility

“…The flexible substrates usually are plastic platforms such as PET, polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polycarbonate (PC). Other flexible substrates include textile [51,52], silk [53,54], paper [55][56][57][58], metalfoil [59,60], shape-memory polymer [61][62][63] and so on. Besides, weavable and fiber-like electrode [17,64]/device configurations [65][66][67][68][69], or even substrate-free free-standing configurations [70] are also demonstrated as effective ways for obtaining flexible devices.…”