Light environment and seasonal dynamics of microalgae in the annual sea ice at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Lazzara, Luigi; Nardello, Ilaria; Ermanni, C.; Mangoni, Olga; Saggiomo, Vincenzo

doi:10.1017/s0954102007000119

Cited by 43 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The positive correlation observed in the present study between microalgae and bacteria present in the top, middle and bottom core sections implies an active microbial loop at the time of sampling (Fig. 3), but minimal growth by microalgae between 15 November and 3 December signals a plateau in the autotrophic growth which typically occurs in mid-late November in Terra Nova Bay (Lazzara et al 2007). The continued increase of bacteria in the control treatments is most likely due to a lag in the response time of bacteria to the photosynthate made available during the development of the microalgal biomass (Archer et al 1996, Garrison et al 2005.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Response of sea-ice microbial communities to environmental disturbance: an in situ transplant experiment in the Antarctic

Martin¹,

Anderson²,

Thorn³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Sea-ice microbial communities are integral to primary and secondary production in icecovered regions of the Southern Ocean, but few studies have characterised the heterogeneity of microbes within the ice or determined whether habitat variability influences community dynamics. We examined the response of sea-ice microbes to key physicochemical variables by conducting an 18 d reciprocal transplant experiment within Antarctic fast-ice. A series of ice cores were extracted from 2.6 m annual ice and reinserted upside down to expose resident microbial assemblages to significantly different light, temperature and salinity regimes. The abundance and community composition of bacteria, microalgae and protozoa was subsequently determined within 3 sections of each core (top, middle and bottom) and compared with experimental controls. Results demonstrate that iceassociated microbes are finely attuned to discrete microhabitats within the sea-ice matrix. Positive growth and a shift in community composition was observed for microalgae moved from the top to the bottom of the ice, but significant bleaching of photosynthetic pigments resulted in zero net growth for bottom-ice communities exposed to the surface. Although bacteria may have been less vulnerable to initial change in their microenvironment, there was no significant increase in the average abundance of cells at either end of the flipped cores after 18 d, despite a presumed increase in algal-derived dissolved organic matter. This suggests a significant lag in the response time of bacteria to available growth substrates and a temporary 'malfunction' of the microbial loop.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…3. Correlation between the log abundance (cells m (Lazzara et al 2007). As a result, PAR is often derived using radiative transfer models (Maykut & Grenfell 1975), but we opted to collect direct measurements for greater accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of sea-ice microbial communities to environmental disturbance: an in situ transplant experiment in the Antarctic

Martin¹,

Anderson²,

Thorn³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…3 in Katayama et al 2011). Previous studies on micro-and macroalgae have reported a decrease in the light-saturated photosynthetic rate during near-darkness or complete darkness using the 14 C and Chl fluorescence methods (Palmisano & Sullivan 1982, White & Critchley 1999, Lüder et al 2002, Lazzara et al 2007, Wulff et al 2008) as well as a positive linear relationship between the Chl a content and the ETR max of macroalgae in the darkness (Lüder et al 2002). The cells may decrease energy transfer from the light-harvesting antennae to the reaction centers of PSII by decreasing light-harvesting pigment content.…”

Section: Electron Transport Rate Of Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 94%

Photosynthetic activation of the dark-acclimated diatom <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i> upon light exposure

Katayama

Murata

Taguchi

2015

Plankton Benthos Res

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Abstract:The photoresponse of chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence and xanthophyll pigments to light was studied in the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii with respect to various durations of dark storage. The light-limited slope (α) obtained from the electron transport rate (ETR) versus the irradiance curve remained steady, whereas the light-saturated rate (ETR max ) decreased gradually during dark storage. Consequently the light-saturation index (E k =ETR max /α) decreased with time, suggesting that cells acclimate to dark conditions. Dark-acclimated cells were exposed to light-dark conditions with varied silicate availability. The maximum quantum yield of PSII (F v /F m ), as well as the changes in the α and the ETR max , increased immediately to the maximum on the first day and decreased for the second half of the light exposure period. The ratio of diatoxanthin (DT) to the xanthophyll pigment diadinoxanthin (DD) and DT (DT/ [DD+DT]) represents thermal dissipation behavior through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). This study indicates that F v /F m and E k are a good index to follow photoacclimation during a transition from continuous dark conditions to the L-D cycle of saturated light. This study also indicates that dark-acclimated T. weissflogii can acclimate to the growth irradiance by the enhancement of photosynthetic activity with changes in xanthophyll pigments, in relation to the dark duration and silicate availability. Such a response to light suggests that the vegetative cells of T. weissflogii could possibly proliferate at ports in the coastal zone on a global scale after ejection into high light environments from the darkness of a ship s ballast water tank.

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“…Light affinity α is ten times lower in pack-ice bottom communities compared to landfast communities (Figure 5a-d). This difference can be attributed to relatively low light levels under pack ice, as a result of various factors such as snow cover and ice thickness (Lazzara et al, 2007;Ugalde et al, 2016;Arndt et al, 2017) as well as self-shading (Johnsen and Hegseth, 1991).…”

Section: Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Arctic, thinning of the sea ice is a factor that can already be recognized as affecting sympagic algae. Bottom communities develop earlier in the season because light penetration increases with decreasing ice thickness (Lazzara et al, 2007;Barber et al, 2015). In addition, snow cover is thinner on FYI compared to MYI as there is less time for snow accumulation, which results in more irradiance penetrating the sea ice.…”

Section: A Future Perspective On Climate Change and Sea-ice Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis

Leeuwe

Tedesco

Arrigo

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

137

128

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van Leeuwe, MA, et al. 2018 Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis. Elem Sci Anth, 6: 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.267 IntroductionSea ice is one of the largest biomes on earth. The area covered by Arctic (15.6 × 10 6 km 2 ) and Antarctic (18.8 × 10 6 km 2 ) sea ice is roughly 4 and 5% of the global ocean surface (361.9 × 10 6 km 2 ) at their respective maximum extents (Meier, 2017;Stammerjohn and Maksym, 2017). Sea ice is a very diverse and potentially very productive habitat, with primary production estimated to amount to 2-24% of total production in sea-ice covered marine areas (Arrigo, 2017). Sea ice is especially productive in spring and summer when, locally, carbon biomass can be ten times higher in the bottom ice than in the seawater, with values greater than 3 mg chlorophyll a) in bottom layers (e.g., Corneau et al., 2013). On some occasions, ice algae may contribute up to 50-60% of total primary production McMinn et al., 2010; Fernandez-Mendez et al., 2015). Sympagic (ice-associated) microalgae (see Horner et al., 1992, for terminology) are REVIEWMicroalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis Sea ice is one the largest biomes on earth, yet it is poorly described by biogeochemical and climate models. In this paper, published and unpublished data on sympagic (ice-associated) algal biodiversity and productivity have been compiled from more than 300 sea-ice cores and organized into a systematic framework. Significant patterns in microalgal community structure emerged from this framework. Autotrophic flagellates characterize surface communities, interior communities consist of mixed microalgal populations and pennate diatoms dominate bottom communities. There is overlap between landfast and pack-ice communities, which supports the hypothesis that sympagic microalgae originate from the pelagic environment. Distribution in the Arctic is sometimes quite different compared to the Antarctic. This difference may be related to the time of sampling or lack of dedicated studies. Seasonality has a significant impact on species distribution, with a potentially greater role for flagellates and centric diatoms in early spring. The role of sea-ice algae in seeding pelagic blooms remains uncertain. Photosynthesis in sea ice is mainly controlled by environmental factors on a small scale and therefore cannot be linked to specific ice types. Overall, sea-ice communities show a high capacity for photoacclimation but low maximum productivity compared to pelagic phytoplankton. Low carbon assimilation rates probably result from adaptation to extreme conditions of reduced light and temperature in winter. We hypothesize that in the near future, bottom communities will develop earlier in the season and develop more biomass over a shorter period of time as light penetration increases due to the thinning of sea ice. The Arctic is already witnessing changes. The shift forward in time of the algal bloom can resu...

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Light environment and seasonal dynamics of microalgae in the annual sea ice at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Cited by 43 publications

References 48 publications

Response of sea-ice microbial communities to environmental disturbance: an in situ transplant experiment in the Antarctic

Response of sea-ice microbial communities to environmental disturbance: an in situ transplant experiment in the Antarctic

Photosynthetic activation of the dark-acclimated diatom <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i> upon light exposure

Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis

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