Light Grazing: Is It Economically Feasible as a Range-Improvement Practice

Klipple, G. E.; Bement, R. E.

doi:10.2307/3894716

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Most of the literature reviewed suggests that heavy grazing ultimately increases PAN, which implies that light to moderate grazing is better with respect to weed invasion. Klipple and Bement (1961) define heavy grazing as the degree of herbage utilization that does not permit desirable forage species to maintain themselves. After a 4 yr grazing intensity study conducted by Baron et al (2001), soil NO 3 2 -N concentrations for heavy grazed treatments were 1.7 to 2.4 times greater than lightly grazed treatments (0 to 60-cm soil depth).…”

Section: Reseeding With Cover Crops and Bridge Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Invasion Resistant Soils via Nitrogen Management

Vasquez¹,

Sheley²,

Svejcar³

2008

Invasive Plant Science and Management

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Invasion by annual grasses, such as cheatgrass, into the western U.S. sagebrush-steppe is a major concern of ecologists and resource managers. Maintaining or improving ecosystem health depends on our ability to protect or re-establish functioning, desired plant communities. In frequently disturbed ecosystems, nutrient status and the relative ability of species to acquire nutrients are important drivers of invasion, retrogression, and succession. Thus, these processes can potentially be modified to direct plant community dynamics toward a desired plant community. The overall objective of this review paper is to provide the ecological background of invasion by exotic plants and propose a concept to facilitate the use of soil nitrogen (N) management to achieve desired plant communities that resist invasion. Based on the literature, we propose a model that predicts the outcome of community dynamics based on N availability. The model predicts that at low N levels, native mid- and late-seral species are able to successfully out-compete early-seral and invasive annual species up to some optimal level. However, at some increased level of N, early-seral species and invasive annual grasses are able to grow and reproduce more successfully than native mid- and late-seral species. At the high end of N availability to plants, the community is most susceptible to invasion and ultimately, increased fire frequency. Soil N level can be managed by altering microbial communities, grazing, mowing, and using cover crops and bridge species during restoration. In these cases, management may be more sustainable since the underlying cause of invasion and succession is modified in the management process.

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Section: Reseeding With Cover Crops and Bridge Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Invasion Resistant Soils via Nitrogen Management

Vasquez¹,

Sheley²,

Svejcar³

2008

Invasive Plant Science and Management

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“…Species richness and biodiversity in an equilibrium system are both expected to peak under moderate grazing (Fernandez-Gimenez and Allen-Diaz, 1999), though grazing exclusion may still increase species richness when biomass production is less than 500 g/m 2 (Oba et al, 2001). Moderate grazing can be defined as one in which palatable species can maintain themselves but cannot usually increase their forage production (Klipple and Bement, 1961). The similarity in biodiversity can be explained by the regeneration that has occurred during the existence of the Al Maha enclosure.…”

Section: Biodiversity and Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of camel grazing on the ecology of small perennial plants in the Dubai (UAE) inland desert

Gallacher

Hill

2006

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…A review of the grazing literature in the Great Plains by Klipple and Bement ( 1961) concluded that most of the improvements in range conditions that can be expected from the adoption of specialized grazing management systems or changes in stocking rates occur during the first 5-7 yr with little added improvement afterward. Holechek et al ( 1989) ha ve also concluded that under conditions in which soil erosion has not been severe, recovery from severe overgrazing in the grass-Iands of the Great P1ains should require < 1 O yr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing Frequency and Ecosystem Processes in a Northern Mixed Prairie, USA

Biondini¹,

Manske²

1996

Ecological Applications

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The objective of this study was to evaluate for a 6‐yr period the effects of a twice‐over rotation grazing system (ROT) and a season‐long grazing system (SL), and compare these effects with long‐term grazing exclosures (NG) in terms of (1) species composition and basal cover, (2) aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and aboveground N uptake (ANPP‐N), (3) rates of litter and root decomposition and N release, (4) soil N mineralization and immobilization, (5) aboveground C and N flow, and (6) grazing intensity (GI) and animal performance. The study period included the drought of 1988. No major differences were found in ANPP and ANPP‐N among treatments, but there were important seasonal variations. An average of 72% of ANPP and >82% of ANPP‐N occurred by mid‐June. There were no differences among treatments in terms of decomposition and N release rates from litter and root biomass, or in soil N mineralization. Grazing, however, reduced the amount of C and N immobilized in standing dead and litter and the flow of C and N from standing dead to litter to soil organic matter. The NG and ROT treatment were more similar in this regard when compared to the SL treatment, and their similarities increased after the drought of 1988. There were no consistent differences in GI between the ROT and SL treatments. Before 1988 GI averaged 21% but in 1988 and 1989 GI increased to an average of 49% as a result of the drought and its aftereffects. Cumulative animal performance was similar under both grazing treatments but there were significant seasonal variations. Species composition was more responsive to grazing than were C and N flows. The differences in this case were found between the grazed and NG treatments but not between the two grazing treatments studied. There were no broad patterns of change in total plant basal cover as a result of grazing patterns or drought. Changes in species composition were highly dependent on range site. The most consistent pattern involved Bouteloua gracilis, which had higher relative cover in the grazed treatments than in the NG treatment. Results from this study indicate that in the grasslands of western North Dakota (1) the recommended stocking rate may be too conservative, (2) rotation grazing may allow for higher stocking rates than season‐long grazing without a major impact on animal performance, (3) rainfall is more important than grazing or grazing systems in the control of the ecosystem‐level variables measured, (4) species composition is affected by drought and grazing (but not by grazing systems) but the responses are highly dependent on range site, and (5) drought and grazing tend to increase the relative composition of warm‐season grasses and forbs.

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Light Grazing: Is It Economically Feasible as a Range-Improvement Practice

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Creating Invasion Resistant Soils via Nitrogen Management

Creating Invasion Resistant Soils via Nitrogen Management

Effects of camel grazing on the ecology of small perennial plants in the Dubai (UAE) inland desert

Grazing Frequency and Ecosystem Processes in a Northern Mixed Prairie, USA

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