Light Induced Afterpulses in Photomultipliers

Ahnen, M. L.; Hose, J.; Menzel, U.; Mirzoyan, R.

doi:10.1109/tns.2015.2416775

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This limitation could be relaxed by monitoring LS cells with two PMTs each, requesting triple PMT coincidences as a trigger condition. Dynode glow [137][138][139], a phenomenon able to produce correlated low-energy signals in PMTs facing each other, should however be kept in mind when considering such possible improvements. Use of high quantum efficiency super-bialkali PMTs such as the Hamamatsu R877-100 can lead to additional gains in minimum detectable energy and low-mass SIMP sensitivity.…”

Section: Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for a nonrelativistic component in the spectrum of cosmic rays at Earth

Collar

2018

Phys. Rev. D

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Dark matter particles gravitationally bound to our galaxy should exhibit a characteristic speed distribution limited by their escape velocity at the position of the Earth (vesc 550 km/s). An ongoing search for anomalous cosmic rays at Earth, kinematically similar to cold dark matter, is described. The technique can discriminate between these and known slow-moving particles such as neutrons, would be sensitive to telltale signatures from presently unexplored candidates, and offers the possibility of identifying the mediating type of interaction (nuclear vs. electron recoils). Studies of background identification and abatement in a shallow underground site are presented. The expected reach of the method is discussed, and illustrated by obtaining the first limits for dark matter particles lighter than 100 MeV/c 2 interacting via nuclear recoils. PACS numbers: 95.35.+d, 96.50.Zc, 29.40.Mc

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Section: Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for a nonrelativistic component in the spectrum of cosmic rays at Earth

Collar

2018

Phys. Rev. D

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“…We noticed that quite some after-pulisng rate is due to the light emission of the dynode system. Details of these studies we reported in reference [8]. We measured the timing of lightinduced after-pulses and images of PMTs, observing light glow from inter-dynode space.…”

Section: Light-induced After-pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel 1.5' Size PMTs of Outstanding Parameters for the CTA Project

Mirzoyan¹,

Müller²,

Toyama³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of International Conference on New Photo-Detectors — PoS(PhotoDet2015)

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Photo Multiplier Tubes (PMT) are the most widespread detectors for measuring fast, faint light signals. About seven years ago we started an improvement program for the PMT candidates for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project with the companies Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (Japan) and Electron Tubes Enterprises Ltd. (England). CTA is the next major Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes array for high energy gamma-ray astrophysics; about 100 telescopes of sizes of 23m, 12m and 4m in diameter will be built in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. For CTA we need PMTs with the highest possible quantum efficiency, maximized photo electron collection efficiency, short pulse width of a few ns, very low afterpulsing and transit time spread. After several iterations the manufacturers were able to produce 1.5 ' PMTs of enhanced peak quantum efficiency of ~ 40%. These can collect up to 95-98% of photo electrons onto the first dynode for the wavelengths ≥ 400nm. A pulse width of ≤ 3ns has been achieved at the selected operational gain of 40k. The after-pulsing for a threshold of ≥ 4 photo electrons is reduced to the level of 0.02%. We report on the measurements of PMT R-12992-100 from Hamamatsu, which is already a commercial product and the PMT D573KFLSB from Electron Tubes Enterprises. The latter is not the final PMT but the latest iteration towards the candidate sensor for the CTA project.

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“…Additionally, ongoing research is being conducted on scintillation glass [30][31][32]. Studies have also focused on flasher (unlike genuine light emission induced by dynodes, see in [33], also there is light emission caused by a discharge on the sharp edge inside the PMT or the voltage divider) [18,34,35], after-pulse related big pulses [36,37] and large pulses, as seen in [38]. To expand on previous investigations regarding muon-generated large pulses, we further explore the influence of natural radioactivity for a comprehensive understanding of related signals from PMTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark count of 20-inch PMTs generated by natural radioactivity

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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The primary objective of the JUNO experiment is to determine the ordering of neutrino masses using a 20-kton liquid-scintillator detector. The 20-inch photomultiplier tube (PMT) plays a crucial role in achieving excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV. Understanding the characteristics and features of the PMT is vital for comprehending the detector's performance, particularly regarding the occurrence of large pulses in PMT dark counts. This research paper aims to further investigate the origin of these large pulses in the 20-inch PMT dark count through measurements and simulations. Our results confirm that natural radioactivity and muons striking the PMT glass are the main sources of the large pulses. We evaluate their contribution quantitatively by performing spectrum fitting. By analyzing the PMT dark count spectrum, it becomes possible to roughly estimate the radioactivity levels in the surrounding environment.

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Light Induced Afterpulses in Photomultipliers

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Search for a nonrelativistic component in the spectrum of cosmic rays at Earth

Search for a nonrelativistic component in the spectrum of cosmic rays at Earth

Novel 1.5' Size PMTs of Outstanding Parameters for the CTA Project

Dark count of 20-inch PMTs generated by natural radioactivity

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