Light-Induced Polar pH Changes in Leaves of <i>Elodea canadensis</i>

Elzenga, J. Theo M.; Prins, H. B. A.

doi:10.1104/pp.91.1.62

Cited by 49 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…4) for the modulation of the lightinduced polar pH response in leaves of E. canadensis, we suggest that the effect of ferricyanide is not the result of a direct interference with the proton pump (membrane-bound ATPase) but is due to the oxidation of a cytosolic electron donor which is involved in the modulation of ATPase activity (although we can not yet exclude the possibility of a direct oxidation) (cf 14). The model shows how signals such as extracellular ferricyanide, light (stimulating), and increased inorganic carbon concentration (inhibiting) (7) change the redox state of the cytoplasm and thus indirectly modulate the H+-extrusion. This mechanism might be similar to the mechanism of stomatal opening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Light-Induced Polar pH Changes in Leaves of Elodea canadensis

Elzenga

Prins²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of an extracellular electron acceptor, ferricyanide, on the light-induced polar leaf pH changes of the submerged angiosperm Elodea canadensis in light and in darkness was determined. The rate of transmembrane ferricyanide reduction was stimulated by increased light intensity and was inhibited by inorganic carbon, indicating that changes in the redox state of the chloroplast were reflected at the plasma membrane. The addition of ferricyanide inhibited the light-induced polar leaf pH reaction. This effect could be balanced by increasing the light intensity. In the dark, the acidification induced by ferricyanide was not influenced by diethylstilbestrol at concentrations that completely inhibited the polar leaf pH changes. This indicates that the ferricyanide-induced H+ extrusion and the H+ transport during the polar reaction were mediated by different mechanisms.proposed a model in which the redox state of the cytoplasm modulated the polar reaction: a high NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio should stimulate the polar reaction and a low ratio should inhibit it. Inhibition by high carbon concentrations was ascribed to the consumption of reducing equivalents, produced in the photosynthetic light reactions, by carbon fixation. The relief of the inhibition by high light or decreased DIC concentrations is due to increased NADPH production.To test this model we investigated the effect of ferricyanide on the light-induced leaf pH polarity with the goal of creating an additional sink for reducing equivalents. Ferricyanide can be reduced by leaves of Elodea. This also is a polar process. In the dark, ferricyanide is reduced on both sides of the leaf; in the light this reduction only takes place on the lower side ofthe leaf. Reduction of ferricyanide induces a depolarization ofthe membrane potential indicating that trans-plasma membrane transport of electrons takes place and is in accordance with extracellular reduction of ferricyanide (6). During the utilization of bicarbonate as a carbon source for photosynthesis, the leaves ofa number ofaquatic angiosperms like Elodea canadensis, E. nuttalli, Egeria densa, and Potamogeton lucens exhibit a light-induced polar pH reaction. The main feature of this reaction is that the medium on the lower side of the leaf becomes acidified, while on the upper side the medium becomes more alkaline (15). This polarity increases bicarbonate utilization by shifting the CO2-HCO3-equilibrium at the low pH on the lower side of the leaf, causing an increase of the CO2 concentration there (15). Alternatively, it has been proposed that the excreted protons establish a protonmotive force which drives a H+-HCO3r symport ( 13).We demonstrated that the light-dependent reaction could be inhibited by DCCD2 and DES, inhibitors of the plasma membrane-bound ATPase, and by DCMU, an inhibitor of the photosynthetic electron transport (5). Furthermore, raising the inorganic carbon (CO2 and HCOO) concentration inhibited the polar reaction. This inhibition could be relieved by increasing the light intensity (7)....

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Light-Induced Polar pH Changes in Leaves of Elodea canadensis

Elzenga

Prins²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…pea epicotyls [Baskin, 19861) and inhibition of stem elongation ( e g pea epicotyls [Laskowski and Briggs, 1989]), are about 2 and 5 orders of magnitude lower. There could also be a connection between the acidifications in brown algae and the light-dependent extrusion of protons from the leaves of some flowering plants from freshwater habitats (Elodea, Potamogeton; Elzenga and Prins, 1989), although the wavelength dependence of the latter responses has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the simplest possibilities, which is found in Chara (Lucas, 1983;Takeshige et al, 1992) and in higher aquatic plants (Elzenga and Prins, 1989), is to acidify the outer plant surface by proton extrusion and to compensate for this by a locally separated, simultaneous influx of protons (Fisahn and Lucas, 1990) or release of hydroxyl ions (Elzenga and Prins, 1989).…”

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Rapid, Blue-Light-Induced Acidifications at the Surface of Ectocarpus and Other Marine Macroalgae

Schmid

Dring

1993

Plant Physiol.

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“…Moreover, many macrophyte species, like P. lucens and Ottelia alismoides (O. alismoides), which both have broad leaves and a strong affinity for bicarbonate usage, typically have different pH levels on the upper and lower leaf side depending on light conditions (polarised leaves, e.g., [18,19]). This effect, which is strongly driven by photosynthesis [20], induces depletion of free CO 2 near the adaxial side of the phyllosphere. Similarly, charophytes are experts in bicarbonate usage and during photosynthesis, one long cell of the thalli is segmented into several adjacent alkaline and acid zones (so-called multi-polarisation), which also affects the pH and alkalinity in the nearby area [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-Specific Responses of Submerged Macrophytes to Simulated Extreme Precipitation: A Mesocosm Study

Cao

Zhi

2019

Water

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More frequent extreme climate events (e.g., extreme precipitation) are to be expected in the future, and such events may potentially have significant effects on freshwater ecosystems. In the present mesocosm study, the effects of simulated extreme precipitation on submerged macrophytes were evaluated for three different macrophyte community (MC) treatments (MC1, MC2 and MC3). MC1 consisted of only Vallisneria denseserrulata, while MC2 and MC3 included three and six species of various growth forms. Two treatments of extreme precipitation (EP) were simulated—an extreme treatment (E) simulating a sudden increase of water level from 75 cm to 150 cm within one day and a gradual treatment (G) simulating an increase to the same water level within 3 months, combined with two control treatments. Total macrophyte community biomass was resilient to the EP and MC treatments, while species-specific variations in responses, in terms of biomass, maximum height, and sexual reproduction, were found. For instance, E led to earlier flowering of Potamogeton lucens and production of more flowers, while it had adverse effects on the flowering of Ottelia alismoides. We conclude that freshwater ecosystems with high coverage of submerged macrophytes may be overall resilient to extreme precipitation under nutrient-limited conditions, especially communities with diverse growth forms.

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Light-Induced Polar pH Changes in Leaves of Elodea canadensis

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Light-Induced Polar pH Changes in Leaves of Elodea canadensis

Light-Induced Polar pH Changes in Leaves of Elodea canadensis

Rapid, Blue-Light-Induced Acidifications at the Surface of Ectocarpus and Other Marine Macroalgae

Species-Specific Responses of Submerged Macrophytes to Simulated Extreme Precipitation: A Mesocosm Study

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