Light induced self-written waveguides interactions in photopolymer media

Belgacem, Mohamed Ben; Kamoun, Saber; Gargouri, M.; Dorkenoo, Kokou D.; Barsella, Alberto; Mager, Loı̈c

doi:10.1364/oe.23.020841

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure shows an exemplary parameter set for which the polymer blend morphology spatially correlates to the profile of the self-trapped beam. The multimodal nature of the transmitted light is observable in the spatial profiles in Figure and is expected from the waveguide characteristics of the self-written structure . The modes appear as oscillations in beam diameter over the propagation path, owing to the sinusoidal profiles of the modes expected for the graded index profile induced by the optical beam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The multimodal nature of the transmitted light is observable in the spatial profiles in Figure 1 and is expected from the waveguide characteristics of the selfwritten structure. 45 The modes appear as oscillations in beam diameter over the propagation path, owing to the sinusoidal profiles of the modes expected for the graded index profile 46 induced by the optical beam. Such oscillations were also observed by Kewitsch et al in single photopolymer systems 12 and are characteristic of self-trapped beams.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulations of Morphology Evolution in Polymer Blends during Light Self-Trapping

Biria

Hosein

2017

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Simulations are presented for binary phase morphologies prepared via coupling the self-trapping properties of light with photopolymerization induced phase separation in blends of reactive monomer and inert linear chain polymer. The morphology forming process is simulated based on a spatially varying photopolymerization rate, dictated by self-trapped light, coupled with the Cahn−Hilliard equation that incorporates the free energy of polymer mixing, degree of polymerization, and polymer mobility. Binary phase morphologies form with a structure that spatially correlates to the profile of the self-trapped beam. Attaining this spatial correlation emerges through a balance between the competitive processes entailed in photopolymerization-induced decreases in diffusion mobility and the drive for the blend components to phase separate. The simulations demonstrate the ability for a self-trapped optical beam to direct binary phase morphology along its propagation path. Such studies are important for controlling the structure of polymer blends, whereby physical properties and critical physical and chemical phenomena may be enhanced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of Morphology Evolution in Polymer Blends during Light Self-Trapping

Biria

Hosein

2017

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Section: Recent Work On Self-trapping and Self-writing Polymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Directed Organization of Polymer Materials from Photoreactive Formulations

Hosein

2020

Chem. Mater.

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This perspective presents a recently developed approach to organize polymer and polymer composite materials through a new form of light-directed organization of photoreactive polymeric media. Under suitable conditions, such media will interact with light, in a mutual dynamic process, that results in the spontaneous organization of both the input light field and, importantly, the polymer media. New material structures can be created in free-radical-initiated media, polymer blends and polymer−solvent mixtures, as well as possibly more complex, multicomponent formulations. An overview of the underlying principles and chemical phenomena and exemplary material structures are presented. Materials produced using this new processing approach can be used as functional coatings, textured surfaces, and membranes, as well as a host of other applications via selection of polymer composition. Key open questions and areas for further inquiry and advancement are presented. Coupling the dynamics of light pattern formation processes to photoreactive matter is a promising new approach to the organization of materials for a range of critical applications and reveals interesting nonlinear dynamic phenomena in the organization of materials.

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“…The refractive index of monomer n m , polymer n p , and photo-initiator n a are fixed at 1.48, 1.52 and 1.46, respectively. 13 The waist of the Gaussian beams is assumed to illuminate the photopolymer mixture in both models. Two writing Gaussian beams u 1 and u 2 from input facets, z = 0 and z = z max are propagated into the mixture to create a bent SWW.…”

Section: Numerical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of straight and bent self-written waveguides in photopolymer mixture using phenomenological and diffusion models

Suar

Rahlves

Reithmeier

et al. 2018

Optical Design and Engineering VII

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Straight and bent self-written waveguides (SWWs) are formed within a photomonomer mixture by means of a self-trapping effect when a single laser beam or two laser beams with tilt are propagated inside. These SWWs can be used as optical interconnects in integrated photonic circuits if two laser beams are launched in opposite directions into the photomonomer. In this work, two kinds of photo-polymerization models are implemented to simulate the SWWs. In the phenomenological model, the refractive index increases directly with actinic laser intensity, whereas the diffusion model has a more complex variation of refractive index profile which takes into account the individual redistribution of mixture components. Both these models are linked with a Crank-Nicholson based Beam Propagation Method (CN-BPM) to simulate the time varying light distribution within the polymer coupling structures. Differences are observed in the numerical simulation results for straight and bent SWWs with respect to the temporal evolution of refractive index within the mixture, corresponding beam intensity profiles and curing time. In addition, we show that a saturation of refractive index change leads to the polymerization of surrounding monomer and, as consequence, to corrupted light guiding. We report on the minimum refractive index modulation that is required for optimal light guiding within the SWW.

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Light induced self-written waveguides interactions in photopolymer media

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Simulations of Morphology Evolution in Polymer Blends during Light Self-Trapping

Simulations of Morphology Evolution in Polymer Blends during Light Self-Trapping

Light-Directed Organization of Polymer Materials from Photoreactive Formulations

Simulation of straight and bent self-written waveguides in photopolymer mixture using phenomenological and diffusion models

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