Light, Information and Perception inside Historical Buildings. A Case Study

Balocco, Carla; Farini, Alessandro; Baldanzi, Elisabetta; Volante, Giulia

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/364/1/012007

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Finally, to our knowledge, only three studies have actually considered art as it might be encountered by a viewer moving somewhat naturally inside a gallery setting. Balocco et al (2018) used a room with a wall-sized fresco depicting a tree-lined path with a building in the background, and gardens and architectural elements in the foreground. The artwork was lit with three accent lighting conditions modulating CCT.…”

Section: Review: Lighting Of Art Key Factors and Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Gallery Lighting Really Have an Impact on Appreciation of Art? An Ecologically Valid Study of Lighting Changes and the Assessment and Emotional Experience With Representational and Abstract Paintings

et al. 2019

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We report two studies considering the potential for gallery lighting conditions to modulate appraisals and emotional experience with works of visual art. As recently documented in a number of papers, art appreciation represents a complex blend of formal artwork factors, personalities and backgrounds of viewers, and multiple aspects of context regarding where and how art is experienced. Among the latter, lighting would be expected to play a fundamental role. However, surprisingly, this has received little empirical assessment, with almost no ecologically valid gallery analyses and no between-participant designs which would minimize awareness of lighting changes themselves. Here, we employed a controlled paradigm using a spontaneous art viewing context, a gallery-like setting, and a proprietary lighting system which allowed the minute adjustment of lighting intensity/temperature (CCT). Participants viewed a selection of original representational and abstract art under three different CCT conditions (Study 1), modulated between participants, and then reported on their artwork appraisal and emotional experience. The selected lighting temperatures were chosen based on an initial investigation of existing art museums within the Vienna area, addressing how these institutions themselves light their art—a question which, also somewhat surprisingly, has not often been considered. We also allowed the same participants to set the light temperature themselves in order to test hypotheses regarding what might be an ‘ideal’ lighting condition for art. In Study 2, we explored the question of whether artworks made by an artist to match specific lighting conditions show a resulting connection to the ratings of viewers when shown in the same or different light. Results showed almost no effects from lighting changes in both studies. Viewers’ self-set light temperature (mean = 3777 K) did roughly coincide with the suggested most enjoyable conditions for everyday living and some past research on art viewing, but again showed wide interpersonal variance. Results, and a general review of lighting factors are considered in order to provide art researchers and curators with a tool for conducting future study.

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Section: Review: Lighting Of Art Key Factors and Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Gallery Lighting Really Have an Impact on Appreciation of Art? An Ecologically Valid Study of Lighting Changes and the Assessment and Emotional Experience With Representational and Abstract Paintings

et al. 2019

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“…Studies related to the visual quality of a landscape include analyzing the participant's visual behavior [21][22][23], assessing the landscape's quality [24] and making inferences about how landscape elements affect visual quality [25,26]. Importantly, eye-tracking technology can be harnessed to grasp the information needs of visitors [27] and analyze the impact of light, colors of artworks, museum exhibition methods, and visual context and individual differences in the perception of artworks [28][29][30][31]. Researchers have analyzed and discussed the relationship between scene characteristics and human eye movement patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Visual Behavior Characteristics of Architectural Heritage Using Eye-Tracking

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2022

Buildings

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The visual quality of architectural heritage is crucial to the preservation of architectural features, enhancement of the environmental quality, and conservation of the sustainable development and adaptive use of architectural heritage. Few studies have explored the visual behavior characteristics of rural architectural heritage and which elements influence visual perception. Our study used eye-tracking technology to explore this issue. The results indicate that participants have different visual behavior characteristics for architectural heritage in different scenarios, with five eye movement metrics showing statistical differences. Featured elements attracted more visual attention. The visual behavior characteristics were related to the area, relative area, distance from center, and perimeter. Based on the results, decision-makers can target the sustainable and virtuous development of architectural heritage and enhance environmental quality.

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“…However, it does have consequences in terms of the rational use of energy (optimal combination of natural and artificial light and their control), energy saving, environmental and light quality sustainability for correct vision and perception, as well as comfort, health and safety. The same is true of the HVAC plant project [19,20]: energy refurbishment and retrofitting of a plant system have major consequences for the rational use of energy, energy saving, efficient solutions for indoor air quality, as well as thermal comfort, health and safety.However, the sustainability of a lighting design should be conceived in its ability to carry information: light is an information channel that carries signals with informational and cultural content [21].Our research grew from an ample strategic project of the University of Florence: "Preliminary technical and economic feasibility projects on University of Florence strategic interventions, inside an experimental laboratory". Sustainability 2019, 11, 3145 3 of 17The aim of our research is therefore to evaluate how a sustainable lighting project can emphasize the historical, cultural and social value of buildings, as well as allow the recovery of their high historical, artistic and interpretive value.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A Method for Sustainable Lighting, Preventive Conservation, Energy Design and Technology—Lighting a Historical Church Converted into a University Library

Balocco

Volante

2019

Sustainability

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Many ancient libraries in Italy are housed in historical buildings, only a few in former churches and monasteries. Newly built libraries mostly comply with the requirements of sustainability, energy saving and renewable energy use, but this does not occur for existing ones, especially when they belong to the historical cultural heritage. Historical library buildings have good mass and thermal inertia but often have inadequate windows with low light transmission value. Lighting systems are often without control and thus cause poor lighting conditions. Our present research concerns the energy sustainability assessment of retrofit operations for lighting in an existing historical university library, focusing on lighting quality, adequate lighting conditions for visual tasks, vision ergonomics and well-being, and guaranteeing the preventive conservation and protection of heritage books. This case study is very particular, because it concerns a Florentine historical monastery which is now a university library. Our proposed method introduces an optimal toolset for lighting design solutions with the aim of sustainability. The library indoor space was procedurally decomposed into illumination volumes according to different occupant activities and visual tasks and different use areas. This method is extensible to all similar cultural heritage case, but also existing old buildings and current designs. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3145 2 of 17Today, libraries are conceived and designed as spaces that are more virtual than physical, whether they are part of recovery and retrofitting interventions or new projects: their use, reading and research practices have been transformed and, at the same time, almost all the users have replaced notebooks with laptops, occupying a larger reading station than in the past; while at the PC station, it is also possible to consult a wide variety of texts necessary for study and research. Nowadays, libraries are also an integrated service system.Of all the libraries in Italy, approximately 50% are subjected to certain limits and over 90% are grade listed [7][8][9]. Most of them were built prior to 1930. Almost all of them are totally inefficient from energy and environmental points of view [7][8][9]. Several European programs have highlighted and aimed at integrating the recommendations of the Efficiency Performance Building Directives, EPBD and EPBD2 [10,11], European Committee for Standardization (French: Comité Européèn de Normalisation, CEN [12]), then of CEN TC 346 [13] and of the EnerPHit Certified Retrofit (PHI) in historic buildings [14]. The guidelines of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities (in Italian: Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, MiBAC) on the energy efficiency of the historical heritage are very important and decisive [15]. There are significant examples of recent European projects in the field of the redevelopment of historic buildings, which were designed and financed for the application of the aforementioned directives, such as the 2009 European project...

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Light, Information and Perception inside Historical Buildings. A Case Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Does Gallery Lighting Really Have an Impact on Appreciation of Art? An Ecologically Valid Study of Lighting Changes and the Assessment and Emotional Experience With Representational and Abstract Paintings

Does Gallery Lighting Really Have an Impact on Appreciation of Art? An Ecologically Valid Study of Lighting Changes and the Assessment and Emotional Experience With Representational and Abstract Paintings

Investigating the Visual Behavior Characteristics of Architectural Heritage Using Eye-Tracking

A Method for Sustainable Lighting, Preventive Conservation, Energy Design and Technology—Lighting a Historical Church Converted into a University Library

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