Light is required for conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans.

Mooney, James; Yager, L N

doi:10.1101/gad.4.9.1473

Cited by 274 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Despite a high level of structural conservation among filamentous ascomycetes, velvet orthologues have divergent roles depending on the fungal species. In N. crassa, A. nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum, deletion of veA orthologues leads to an increase in light-independent conidial formation, whereas deletion in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus fumigatus results in a general decrease in conidiation, which is dependent on the nutritional composition of the medium (Bayram et al, 2008;Calvo et al, 2004;Hoff et al, 2010, Krappmann et al, 2005Mooney & Yager, 1990). A reduction in conidiation has also been observed in Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium fujikuroi veA orthologue deletion mutants (Amaike & Keller, 2009;Wiemann et al, 2010).…”

Section: Global Regulation By the Velvet Proteinmentioning

confidence: 84%

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

et al. 2010

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2Lincoln Ventures Limited, PO Box 133, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand Trichoderma spp. have served as models for asexual reproduction in filamentous fungi for over 50 years. Physical stimuli, such as light exposure and mechanical injury to the mycelium, trigger conidiation; however, conidiogenesis itself is a holistic response determined by the cell's metabolic state, as influenced by the environment and endogenous biological rhythms. Key environmental parameters are the carbon and nitrogen status and the C : N ratio, the ambient pH and the level of calcium ions. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of this fungus have revealed a conserved mechanism of environmental perception through the White Collar orthologues BLR-1 and BLR-2. Also implicated in the molecular regulation are the PacC pathways and the conidial regulator VELVET. Signal transduction cascades which link environmental signals to physiological outputs have also been revealed.

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Section: Global Regulation By the Velvet Proteinmentioning

confidence: 84%

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

et al. 2010

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“…When overexpressed, the light-dependent sexual regulator veA or sexual transcription factor nsdD cause Hü lle cell formation in submerged culture (Han et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2002). The veA gene is responsible for light-dependent fruit body formation in A. nidulans (Mooney and Yager, 1990;Kim et al, 2002), and never in sexual development (NsdD) is a putative GATA-type transcription factor that activates sexual development (Han et al, 2001). Deletion of the rosA gene of A. nidulans results in the same phenotype characterized by Hü lle cell formation in liquid medium .…”

Section: Crya Is a Nuclear Protein And Represses Transcription Of Regmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Than a Repair Enzyme:Aspergillus nidulansPhotolyase-like CryA Is a Regulator of Sexual Development

Bayram

Biesemann

Krappmann

et al. 2008

MBoC

129

116

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Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that have presumably evolved from the DNA photolyase protein family, and the genomes of many organisms contain genes for both types of molecules. Both protein structures resemble each other, which suggests that light control and light protection share a common ancient origin. In the genome of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, however, only one cryptochrome/photolyase-encoding gene, termed cryA, was identified. Deletion of the cryA gene triggers sexual differentiation under inappropriate culture conditions and results in upregulation of transcripts encoding regulators of fruiting body formation. CryA is a protein whose N-and C-terminal synthetic green fluorescent protein fusions localize to the nucleus. CryA represses sexual development under UVA 350-370 nm light both on plates and in submerged culture. Strikingly, CryA exhibits photorepair activity as demonstrated by heterologous complementation of a DNA repair-deficient Escherichia coli strain as well as overexpression in an A. nidulans uvsB⌬ genetic background. This is in contrast to the single deletion cryA⌬ strain, which does not show increased sensitivity toward UV-induced damage. In A. nidulans, cryA encodes a novel type of cryptochrome/photolyase that exhibits a regulatory function during light-dependent development and DNA repair activity. This represents a paradigm for the evolutionary transition between photolyases and cryptochromes. INTRODUCTIONCryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light receptors that regulate growth, development, and the circadian clock in higher eukaryotes and that are believed to have evolved from the DNA photolyase protein family (Daiyasu et al., 2004;Lin and Todo, 2005). Photolyases, in contrast, repair UV-induced DNA damage by using a mechanism referred to as photorepair. They absorb light in the blue spectrum and transfer an excited electron from the cofactor FAD to an enzyme-bound cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which is thereby cleaved (Sancar, 1990(Sancar, , 1994Sancar, 1994). Cryptochromes are characterized by an N-terminal photolyase-related (PHR) region without significant photorepair activity and by a C-terminal domain of varying length, which is absent in members of the CRY-DASH subfamily (Daiyasu et al., 2004). The exact function of the CRY-DASH proteins was elusive; however, recent data imply that they are actually photolyases that specifically repair CPDs in single-stranded DNA (Selby and Sancar, 2006). The PHR domain is the most conserved region of the CRY proteins and contains the cofactor FAD required for electron transfer reactions. In Xenopus and Drosophila, the PHR domain is physiologically active even in the absence of the C-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain is important for either localization or protein stability, and its expression in Arabidopsis results in constitutive growth (Lin and Todo, 2005). Plant CRYs are phosphorylated under illumination, and gene expression control ranges from protein interactions to direct chromatin interactions (Shalitin et al....

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“…The blue-light response often seems to be the most important one; e.g., all light-dependent processes in N. crassa are regulated by UV or blue light (13,14). In contrast, A. nidulans responds well to red light in addition to blue light (15,16). It was discovered recently that the blue-and red-light-sensing chromoproteins along with some additional proteins form a light-regulator complex in this fungus (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Alternaria alternata Blue-Light Receptor LreA (White-Collar 1) in Spore Formation and Secondary Metabolism

Pruß

Fetzner

Seither

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Alternaria alternata is a filamentous fungus that causes considerable loss of crops of economically important feed and food worldwide. It produces more than 60 different secondary metabolites, among which alternariol (AOH) and altertoxin (ATX) are the most important mycotoxins. We found that mycotoxin production and spore formation are regulated by light in opposite ways. Whereas spore formation was largely decreased under light conditions, the production of AOH was stimulated 2-to 3-fold. ATX production was even strictly dependent on light. All light effects observed could be triggered by blue light, whereas red light had only a minor effect. Inhibition of spore formation by light was reversible after 1 day of incubation in the dark. We identified orthologues of genes encoding the Neurospora crassa blue-light-perceiving white-collar proteins, a cryptochrome, a phytochrome, and an opsin-related protein in the genome of A. alternata. Deletion of the white-collar 1 (WC-1) gene (lreA) resulted in derepression of spore formation in dark and in light. ATX formation was strongly induced in the dark in the lreA mutant, suggesting a repressing function of LreA, which appears to be released in the wild type after blue-light exposure. In addition, light induction of AOH formation was partially dependent on LreA, suggesting also an activating function. A. alternata ⌬lreA was still able to partially respond to blue light, indicating the action of another blue-light receptor system.

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Light is required for conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans.

Cited by 274 publications

References 31 publications

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

More Than a Repair Enzyme:Aspergillus nidulansPhotolyase-like CryA Is a Regulator of Sexual Development

Role of the Alternaria alternata Blue-Light Receptor LreA (White-Collar 1) in Spore Formation and Secondary Metabolism

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