Light manipulation for all-fiber devices with VCSEL and graphene-based metasurface

Abstract

Light manipulation for all-fiber devices has played a vital role in controllable photonic devices. A graphene-based metasurface is proposed to realize light manipulation. A row of VCSEL-based optical engines with low crosstalk is used as the control light to modulate the signal transmitted in the microstructured fiber. In this configuration, the proposed device can work independently of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. With an insertion loss of only 0.28 dB, evanescent wave coupling to graphene layers is polarisation-insensitive. The device could be effectively manipulated for a few days (not less than 72 hours), which possesses the capacity to dynamically modulate the signal light with both low-temperature sensitivity and low-wavelength sensitivity. The 35 nm wavelength interval results in a change of only about 0.1 dB in the output light intensity of the microstructured fiber when the wavelength changes from 1530 nm to 1565 nm. Moreover, the modulation depth is approximately 2 dB when the modulating voltage is 2.2 V, which may open avenues for channel detection techniques and have deep implications in top tuning applications.

Design of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based D-Type Double Open-Loop Channels PCF for Temperature Sensing

“…As proven in Figure 10b, although the SPR loss peak is blue-shifted as the refractive index increases, the low-order SPP mode is the largest at the refractive index Ri = 1.39775. sensitivity is 3757 pm/°C, when the temperature is close to 5 °C. This sensitivit excellent results in SPR sensors with a diameter of about 20 µm and has a strong pot for development [55,56].…”

“…In Figure 9b, five temperature sensitivities are calculated: 3757 pm/ • C, 3271 pm/ • C, 2785 pm/ • C, 2299 pm/ • C, and 1813 pm/ • C, respectively. The highest temperature sensitivity is 3757 pm/ • C, when the temperature is close to 5 • C. This sensitivity has excellent results in SPR sensors with a diameter of about 20 µm and has a strong potential for development [55,56].…”

“…sensitivity is 3757 pm/°C, when the temperature is close to 5 °C. This sensitivity has excellent results in SPR sensors with a diameter of about 20 µm and has a strong potential for development [55,56].…”

Active Broadband Absorber Based on Phase-Change Materials Optimized via Evolutionary Algorithm

“…When the incident angle is 0-50°, t absorption curve of TM wave is kept above 80% at the absorption bandwidth of 32-THz and above 90% at 41-45 THz. In summary, our absorber can still maintain a hi absorption rate of over 80% when the incident angle is 0-50°, so it has good practical val [66,67]. Next, we will explore the effect of changing the radius of the disk on the absorber.…”