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The two excited vector charmonium states Y(4220) and Y(4360) are difficult to understand as pure cc¯ charmonium states. Since they are located close to the mass thresholds of D¯D1 and D¯*D1, they can be viewed as D¯D1 and D¯*D1 molecules. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that the exotic states X(3872)/Zc(3900) and X2(4013)/Zc(4020) are the isoscalar/isovector D¯D* and isoscalar/isovector D¯*D* molecules, respectively. In this work, in the molecular picture, we employ the triangle diagram mechanism to study the productions of Zc(3900) and X(3872) in the pionic and radiative decays of Y(4220), as well as their heavy-quark spin symmetry partners—i.e., the productions of Zc(4020) and X2(4013) in the pionic and radiative decays of Y(4360). Using the effective Lagrangian approach, we obtain the ratios of the branching fractions B[Y(4360)→Zc(4020)π]/B[Y(4220)→Zc(3900)π]=1.2±0.3 and B[Y(4360)→X2(4013)γ]/B[Y(4220)→X(3872)γ]=0.5±0.1, almost independent of model parameters, which indicate that the productions of X2(4013) and Zc(4020) in the radiative and pionic decays of Y(4360) are likely to be measured in the future. The experimental studies of the predicted decay modes will help to verify the molecular nature of X(3872), Zc(3900), and Y(4220). We hope that the present work can stimulate experimental and further theoretical studies on these decay modes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The two excited vector charmonium states Y(4220) and Y(4360) are difficult to understand as pure cc¯ charmonium states. Since they are located close to the mass thresholds of D¯D1 and D¯*D1, they can be viewed as D¯D1 and D¯*D1 molecules. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that the exotic states X(3872)/Zc(3900) and X2(4013)/Zc(4020) are the isoscalar/isovector D¯D* and isoscalar/isovector D¯*D* molecules, respectively. In this work, in the molecular picture, we employ the triangle diagram mechanism to study the productions of Zc(3900) and X(3872) in the pionic and radiative decays of Y(4220), as well as their heavy-quark spin symmetry partners—i.e., the productions of Zc(4020) and X2(4013) in the pionic and radiative decays of Y(4360). Using the effective Lagrangian approach, we obtain the ratios of the branching fractions B[Y(4360)→Zc(4020)π]/B[Y(4220)→Zc(3900)π]=1.2±0.3 and B[Y(4360)→X2(4013)γ]/B[Y(4220)→X(3872)γ]=0.5±0.1, almost independent of model parameters, which indicate that the productions of X2(4013) and Zc(4020) in the radiative and pionic decays of Y(4360) are likely to be measured in the future. The experimental studies of the predicted decay modes will help to verify the molecular nature of X(3872), Zc(3900), and Y(4220). We hope that the present work can stimulate experimental and further theoretical studies on these decay modes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The lowest-lying charmonium-like tetraquarks $$c{\bar{c}}q{\bar{q}}$$ c c ¯ q q ¯ $$(q=u,\,d)$$ ( q = u , d ) and $$c{\bar{c}}s{\bar{s}}$$ c c ¯ s s ¯ , with spin-parity $$J^P=0^+$$ J P = 0 + , $$1^+$$ 1 + and $$2^+$$ 2 + , and isospin $$I=0$$ I = 0 and 1, are systematically investigated within the theoretical framework of complex-scaling range for a chiral quark model that has already been successfully applied in former studies of various tetra- and penta-quark systems. A four-body S-wave configuration which includes meson–meson, diquark–antidiquark and K-type arrangements of quarks, along with all possible color wave functions, is comprehensively considered. Several narrow resonances are obtained in each tetraquark channel when a fully coupled-channel computation is performed. We tentatively assign theoretical states to experimentally reported charmonium-like signals such as X(3872), $$Z_c(3900)$$ Z c ( 3900 ) , X(3960), X(4350), X(4685) and X(4700). They can be well identified as hadronic molecules; however, other exotic components which involve, for instance, hidden-color channels or diquark–antidiquark structures play a considerable role. Meanwhile, two resonances are obtained at 4.04 GeV and 4.14 GeV which may be compatible with experimental data in the energy interval 4.0–4.2 GeV. Furthermore, the X(3940) and X(4630) may be identified as color compact tetraquark resonances. Finally, we also find few resonance states in the energy interval from 4.5 to 5.0 GeV, which would be awaiting for discovery in future experiments.
Inspired by the great progress in the observations of charmonium-like states in recent years, we perform a systematic analysis about the ground states and the first radially excited states of $$qc\bar{q}\bar{c}$$ q c q ¯ c ¯ (q = u/d and s) tetraquark systems. Their mass spectra, root mean square (r.m.s.) radii and radial density distributions are predicted within the framework of relativized quark model. By comparing with experimental data, some potential candidates for hidden-charm tetraquark states are suggested. For $$qc\bar{q}\bar{c}$$ q c q ¯ c ¯ (q = u/d) system, if $$Z_{c}(3900)$$ Z c ( 3900 ) is supposed to be a compact tetraquark state with $$J^{PC}=1^{+-}$$ J PC = 1 + - , Z(4430) can be interpreted as the first radially excited states of $$Z_{c}(3900)$$ Z c ( 3900 ) . Another broad structure $$Z_{c}(4200)$$ Z c ( 4200 ) can also be explained as a partner of $$Z_{c}(3900)$$ Z c ( 3900 ) , and it arise from a higher state with $$J^{PC}=1^{+-}$$ J PC = 1 + - . In addition, theoretical predictions indicate that the possible assignments for X(3930), X(4050) and X(4250) are low lying $$0^{++}$$ 0 + + tetraquark states. As for the $$sc\bar{s}\bar{c}$$ s c s ¯ c ¯ system, X(4140) and X(4274) structures can be interpreted as this type of tetraquark states with $$J^{PC}=1^{++}$$ J PC = 1 + + , and X(4350) can be described as a $$sc\bar{s}\bar{c}$$ s c s ¯ c ¯ tetraquark with $$J^{PC}=0^{++}$$ J PC = 0 + + . With regard to $$qc\bar{s}\bar{c}$$ q c s ¯ c ¯ (q = u/d) system, we find two potential candidates for this type of tetraquark, which are $$Z_{cs}(4000)$$ Z cs ( 4000 ) and $$Z_{cs}(4220)$$ Z cs ( 4220 ) structures. The measured masses of these two structures are in agreement with theoretical predictions for the $$1^{+}$$ 1 + state.
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