Light microclimate of endolithic phototrophs in the scleractinian corals Montipora monasteriata and Porites cylindrica

Magnusson, Sveinn Haukur; Fine, Maoz; Kühl, Michael

doi:10.3354/meps332119

Cited by 78 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is possible that NIR is less attenuated by alginate than blue light, thus penetrating more effectively and deeper into the alginate matrix. Deeper penetration of NIR than of PAR has been reported in coral skeletons (26) and didemnid ascidians (22,24), which could explain our finding of earlier light saturation under blue light in embedded A. marina cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Biofilm Growth and Near-Infrared Radiation-Driven Photosynthesis of the Chlorophyll d -Containing Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina

Behrendt

Schrameyer

Qvortrup

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina is the only known phototroph harboring chlorophyll (Chl) d. It is easy to cultivate it in a planktonic growth mode, and A. marina cultures have been subject to detailed biochemical and biophysical characterization. In natural situations, A. marina is mainly found associated with surfaces, but this growth mode has not been studied yet. Here, we show that the A. marina type strain MBIC11017 inoculated into alginate beads forms dense biofilm-like cell clusters, as in natural A. marina biofilms, characterized by strong O 2 concentration gradients that change with irradiance. Biofilm growth under both visible radiation (VIS, 400 to 700 nm) and near-infrared radiation (NIR, ϳ700 to 730 nm) yielded maximal cell-specific growth rates of 0.38 per day and 0.64 per day, respectively. The population doubling times were 1.09 and 1.82 days for NIR and visible light, respectively. The photosynthesis versus irradiance curves showed saturation at a photon irradiance of E k (saturating irradiance) >250

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Biofilm Growth and Near-Infrared Radiation-Driven Photosynthesis of the Chlorophyll d -Containing Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina

Behrendt

Schrameyer

Qvortrup

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Light intensities of up to 280% of incident light have been reported on the surface of microbenthic communities as well as different types of corals Magnusson et al, 2007). The high-light environment found on the surface of L. patella presumably selects for phototrophs with appropriate protective mechanisms enabling them to photosynthesize under these conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity of biofilm communities in microniches associated with the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella

et al. 2011

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We assessed the microbial diversity and microenvironmental niche characteristics in the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, microsensor and imaging techniques. L. patella harbors three distinct microbial communities spatially separated by few millimeters of tunic tissue: (i) a biofilm on its upper surface exposed to high irradiance and O 2 levels, (ii) a cloacal cavity dominated by the prochlorophyte Prochloron spp. characterized by strong depletion of visible light and a dynamic chemical microenvironment ranging from hyperoxia in light to anoxia in darkness and (iii) a biofilm covering the underside of the animal, where light is depleted of visible wavelengths and enriched in near-infrared radiation (NIR). Variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging demonstrated photosynthetic activity, and hyperspectral imaging revealed a diversity of photopigments in all microhabitats. Amplicon sequencing revealed the dominance of cyanobacteria in all three layers. Sequences representing the chlorophyll d containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina and anoxygenic phototrophs were abundant on the underside of the ascidian in shallow waters but declined in deeper waters. This depth dependency was supported by a negative correlation between A. marina abundance and collection depth, explained by the increased attenuation of NIR as a function of water depth. The combination of microenvironmental analysis and fine-scale sampling techniques used in this investigation gives valuable first insights into the distribution, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities associated with tropical ascidians. In particular, we show that microenvironments and microbial diversity can vary significantly over scales of a few millimeters in such habitats; which is information easily lost by bulk sampling.

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“…Halldal, 1968). In contrast, wavelengths beyond 700 nm are out of the range of photopigment absorption, and earlier studies have shown that coral tissue is fairly transparent to such NIR (Magnusson et al, 2007;Wangpraseurt et al, 2012). Therefore, to differentiate light propagation due to tissue and skeleton optics, we additionally measured in detail the propagation of laser light with 785 nm emission (3.0 mW, beam Ø 2.01 mm; Edmunds Optics, Barrington, NJ, USA).…”

Section: Microsensors and Laser Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral light transfer ensures efficient resource distribution in symbiont-bearing corals

Wangpraseurt

Larkum

Franklin

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

137

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Coral tissue optics has received very little attention in the past, although the interaction between tissue and light is central to our basic understanding of coral physiology. Here we used fibre-optic and electrochemical microsensors along with variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to directly measure lateral light propagation within living coral tissues. Our results show that corals can transfer light laterally within their tissues to a distance of ~2 cm. Such light transport stimulates O 2 evolution and photosystem II operating efficiency in areas >0.5-1 cm away from direct illumination. Light is scattered strongly in both coral tissue and skeleton, leading to photon trapping and lateral redistribution within the tissue. Lateral light transfer in coral tissue is a new mechanism by which light is redistributed over the coral colony and we argue that tissue optical properties are one of the key factors in explaining the high photosynthetic efficiency of corals.

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Light microclimate of endolithic phototrophs in the scleractinian corals Montipora monasteriata and Porites cylindrica

Cited by 78 publications

References 39 publications

Biofilm Growth and Near-Infrared Radiation-Driven Photosynthesis of the Chlorophyll d -Containing Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina

Biofilm Growth and Near-Infrared Radiation-Driven Photosynthesis of the Chlorophyll d -Containing Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina

Microbial diversity of biofilm communities in microniches associated with the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella

Lateral light transfer ensures efficient resource distribution in symbiont-bearing corals

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