Light Microscopic Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Higher Plant Chloroplasts. Position of Starch Grains and Probable Spiral Arrangement of Stroma Lamellae and Grana

Wildman, S. G.; Jope, Charlene; Atchison, Bentley A.

doi:10.1086/337118

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Madsen (7) demonstrated that tomato plants grown under high CO2 levels accumulated starch and had deformed thylakoids. Carmi and Shomer (3) and Wildman et al (19) also reported that the accumulation of starch within the chloroplast damaged the thylakoids and grana. Troughton ( 17) hypothesized that such damage reduced photosynthetic rates.…”

Section: Ultrastructural Observation Of the Chloroplastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO₂

Yelle¹,

Beeson²,

Trudel³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

153

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Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Vedettos and Lycopersicon chmielewskii Rick, LA1028, were exposed to two CO2 concentrations (330 or 900 microliters per liter) for 10 weeks. Tomato plants grown at 900 microliters per liter contained more starch and more sugars than the control. However, we found no significant accumulation of starch and sugars in the young leaves of L. esculentum exposed to high CO2. Carbon exchange rates were significantly higher in C02-enriched plants for the first few weeks of treatment but thereafter decreased as tomato plants acclimated to high atmospheric CO2. This indicates that the long-term decline of photosynthetic efficiency of leaf 5 cannot be attributed to an accumulation of sugar and/or starch. The average concentration of starch in leaves 5 and 9 was always higher in L. esculentum than in L. chmielewskii (151.7% higher). A higher proportion of photosynthates was directed into starch for L. esculentum than for L. chmielewskii. However, these characteristics did not improve the long-term photosynthetic efficiency of L. chmielewskii grown at high CO2 when compared with L. esculentum. The chloroplasts of tomato plants exposed to the higher CO2 concentration exhibited a marked accumulation of starch. The results reported here suggest that starch and/or sugar accumulation under high CO2 cannot entirely explain the loss of photosynthetic efficiency of high CO2-grown plants.The enhancement of growth and yields by increasing the level of CO2 in the atmosphere has been reported for many species (6). However, the long-term effects of high CO2 levels on the physiological and biochemical behaviors of tomato plants need to be studied further. Many species lose their photosynthetic efficiency when subjected for an extended period to high concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere (5, 9, 12), and become gradually less efficient in the use ofthe added CO2. In a recent study, Yelle et al. (21) (18) indicated that the decline of Rubisco2 activity could explain the acclimation to high CO2 levels. However, the hypothesis most often proposed to account for the negative effect of CO2 enrichment is the buildup of starch and sugar. Thomas et al. (16), Madsen (7), and Mauney et aL (8) suggested that the decline of photosynthetic efficiency of plants grown at high CO2 concentrations is caused by an accumulation of starch. reported that an accumulation of starch above a critical level causes a decline of CO2 assimilation, and Nafziger and Koller (10) showed that a high starch level is associated with low carbon exchange rates. The buildup of starch can consequently cause a disruption of the thylakoids structure and disorientation ofgrana (7,13

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Section: Ultrastructural Observation Of the Chloroplastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO₂

Yelle¹,

Beeson²,

Trudel³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

153

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“…Reconstructions of the internal membrane system have been made both from computer simulations based on chloroplasts viewed with the phase contrast microscope (e.g. Wildman, Jope and Atchison, 1980;Jope, Atchison and Pringle, 1980) and from serial thin sections as seen in the transmission electron microscope (e.g. Paolillo, 1970;Kowallik and Herrmann, 1972;Paolillo and Rubin, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Establishment of the Plastid Thylakoid System

Whatley¹,

Hawes²,

Horne³

et al. 1982

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYMaking use of serial thin sections of conventionally fixed tissue we have constructed a model of the thy lakoid system in a pre-granal, dividing chloroplast. The three-dimensional configuration of this plastid is compared with the thylakoid configurations seen in 1 fiva thick sections of the zinc iodide-osmium impregnated tissue which were examined with a high voltage electron microscope. A comparison has also been made between the differential staining characteristics of the various membranous invaginations, vesicles and tubules which are frequently associated with the plastid envelope and which may play a part in development of the thylakoid system.

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“…They are commonly believed, and virtually all textbooks show them, to be ellipsoids of revolution flattened along the axis (Rezende-Pinto, 1972), or shaped like a dinner plate, flattened with curried edge (Sarafis, 1998). Most of the studies on their structure and shape have been made with light and electron microscopy (Wildman et al, 1980). Such studies, however, are largely limited to observation of two dimensional cross-sections because of the limited depth of field of the optical microscope and the need to use thin sections in electron microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Harmonic Generation Signal from Biological Materials Using Multi-Functional Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy

Reshak¹

2011

Laser Scanning, Theory and Applications

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Light Microscopic Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Higher Plant Chloroplasts. Position of Starch Grains and Probable Spiral Arrangement of Stroma Lamellae and Grana

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO₂

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO₂

The Establishment of the Plastid Thylakoid System

Second Harmonic Generation Signal from Biological Materials Using Multi-Functional Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy

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Light Microscopic Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Higher Plant Chloroplasts. Position of Starch Grains and Probable Spiral Arrangement of Stroma Lamellae and Grana

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO2

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO2

The Establishment of the Plastid Thylakoid System

Second Harmonic Generation Signal from Biological Materials Using Multi-Functional Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO₂

Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO₂