Light-Mode Condensation in Actively-Mode-Locked Lasers

Weill, Rafi; Fischer, Baruch; Gat, Omri

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.173901

Cited by 57 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(1) discussed above have been realized with periodic boundary conditions in the transverse variable r; i.e., the incoherent wave (14), (15) and refers to the WT regime beyond the thermodynamic limit (μ = 0), while the dashed black line refers to the thermodynamic limit [μ → 0inEqs. (14)and (15) ψ(z,r) is expanded in the plane wave Fourier basis. Although this corresponds to the usual numerical approach to study wave condensation [19][20][21]33], recently, a more realistic physical configuration has been considered in which the incoherent wave propagates in a mutimode optical waveguide [22].…”

Section: Waveguide Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of the nonlinear evolution of incoherent optical waves is a subject of growing interest in various fields of investigations, including, e.g., wave propagation in homogeneous [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] or periodic media [9], nonlinear imaging [10], cavity systems [11][12][13][14][15], or nonlinear interferometry [16]. In particular, the analysis of the long-term evolution of nonlinear incoherent optical waves has been considered in various circumstances [1][2][3]6,8], as well as in various optical media characterized by different nonlinearities [4,5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wave turbulence (WT) theory [23][24][25]is known to provide a detailed description of wave condensation, in both the weakly and the highly nonlinear regime of condensation [20,21]. Because this condensation process is a consequence of the natural thermalization of the optical field to thermal equilibrium, it is of a fundamental different nature than the condensation processes recently discussed in optical cavities [11,12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermalization and condensation in an incoherently pumped passive optical cavity

et al. 2011

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We study theoretically and numerically the condensation and the thermalization of classical optical waves in an incoherently pumped passive Kerr cavity. We show that the dynamics of the cavity exhibits a turbulent behavior that can be described by the wave turbulence theory. A mean-field kinetic equation is derived, which reveals that, in its high finesse regime, the cavity behaves essentially as a conservative Hamiltonian system. In particular, the intracavity turbulent field is shown to relax adiabatically toward a thermodynamic equilibrium state of energy equipartition. As a consequence of this effect of wave thermalization, the incoherent optical field undergoes a process of condensation, characterized by the spontaneous emergence of a plane wave from the incoherently pumped cavity. The condensation process is an equilibrium phase transition that occurs below a critical value of the (kinetic) energy of the incoherent pump. In spite of the dissipative nature of the cavity dynamics, the condensate fraction of the high-finesse cavity field is found in quantitative agreement with the theory inherited from the purely conservative (Hamiltonian) nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

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Section: Waveguide Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermalization and condensation in an incoherently pumped passive optical cavity

et al. 2011

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“…From a different perspective, optical cavities and lasers offer an interesting experimental platform to study different regimes of optical turbulence [12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In particular, the phenomenon of condensation of photons has been recently demonstrated in optical microcavities [38], which raised important questions such as the relation between lasing and condensation [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak Langmuir optical turbulence in a fiber cavity

Garnier

Mussot

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. A

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We study theoretically and numerically the dynamics of a passive optical fiber ring cavity pumped by a highly incoherent wave -an incoherently injected fiber laser. The theoretical analysis reveals that the turbulent dynamics of the cavity is dominated by the Raman effect. The forced-dissipative nature of the fiber cavity is responsible for a large diversity of turbulent behaviors: Besides nonequilibrium statistical stationary states, we report the formation of a periodic pattern of spectral incoherent solitons, or the formation of different types of spectral singularities, e.g., dispersive shock waves and incoherent spectral collapse behaviors. We derive a mean-field kinetic equation that describes in detail the different turbulent regimes of the cavity and whose structure is formally analogous to the weak Langmuir turbulence kinetic equation in the presence of forcing and damping. A quantitative agreement is obtained between the simulations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cavity boundary conditions and those of the mean-field kinetic equation and the corresponding singular integro-differential reduction, without using adjustable parameters. We discuss the possible realization of a fiber cavity experimental set-up in which the theoretical predictions can be observed and studied.

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“…It is thus easy to establish a parallel between ML and BoseEinstein condensation of cold atoms [5], which is governed by the same equation. In fact, it has been recently demonstrated that in some cases mode locking is a form of condensation of classical waves [6][7][8] that, if treated in the framework of a thermodynamic approach, is a form of phase transition [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of phase-locking random lasers

2013

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Laser modes may coalesce into a mode-locked state that enables femtosecond pulse compression. The nature of the interaction and the interaction time play fundamental roles in the onset of this collective state, but the investigation of the transition dynamics is technically challenging because phases are not always experimentally accessible. This is even more difficult for random lasers, a kind of disordered laser in which energies in play are much smaller than in the ordered macroscopic case. Here we investigate experimentally and numerically the dynamics of the phase-locking transition in a random laser. We developed an experimental setup able to pump individual modes with different pulse durations and found that the mode-locked regime builds only for quasicontinuous pumping, resulting in an emission linewidth dependent on the pump duration. Numerical simulation confirms experimental data.

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Light-Mode Condensation in Actively-Mode-Locked Lasers

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

Thermalization and condensation in an incoherently pumped passive optical cavity

Thermalization and condensation in an incoherently pumped passive optical cavity

Weak Langmuir optical turbulence in a fiber cavity

Dynamics of phase-locking random lasers

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