Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram

Sun, Kai-Jia; Chen, Lie‐Wen; Ko, Che Ming; Pu, Jie; Xu, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2018.04.035

Cited by 124 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Common approaches used to describe the production of these loosely-bound objects include the thermal-statistical approach [4][5][6][7][8] and the coalescence model [9][10][11][12], a determination of the production mechanism is of great interest [see, e.g., Refs. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] for recent results within these two approaches]. The measured yields have been observed to agree remarkably well with a thermal model calculation at a temperature T ch 155 MeV of the conventional chemical freeze-out of hadrons [21][22][23], while the available transverse momentum spectra of both nuclei and stable hadrons are characterized by a lower kinetic freeze-out temperature T kin 100 − 115 MeV [1].…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Nucleosynthesis in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC via the Saha equation

et al. 2020

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The production of light (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC is considered in the framework of the Saha equation, making use of the analogy between the evolution of the early universe after the Big Bang and that of "Little Bangs" created in the lab. Assuming that disintegration and regeneration reactions involving light nuclei proceed in relative chemical equilibrium after the chemical freeze-out of hadrons, their abundances are determined through the famous cosmological Saha equation of primordial nucleosynthesis and show no exponential dependence on the temperature typical for the thermal model. A quantitative analysis, performed using the hadron resonance gas model in partial chemical equilibrium, shows agreement with experimental data of the ALICE collaboration on d, 3 He, 3 Λ H, and 4 He yields for a very broad range of temperatures at T 155 MeV. The presented picture is supported by the observed suppression of resonance yields in central Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC.

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Nucleosynthesis in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC via the Saha equation

et al. 2020

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“…As in the analysis based on the statistical hadronization model[48], we do not include the data from Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV because of the different centrality bins used for K + , φ, Ξ − , and Λ. A non-monotonic behavior in the dependence of the ratio O K-Ξ-φ-Λ on the collision energy is clearly seen at √ s NN ∼ 8 GeV, which is similar to that found in Refs [23,24]. from the yield ratio O p-d-t .…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Probing QCD critical fluctuations from the yield ratio of strange hadrons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Shao

Chen

et al. 2020

Physics Letters B

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By analyzing the available data on strange hadrons in central Pb+Pb collisions from the NA49 Collaboration at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and in central Au+Au collisions from the STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) in a wide collision energy range from √ sNN = 6.3 GeV to 200 GeV, we find a possible non-monotonic behavior in the ratioof K + , Ξ − , φ, and Λ yields as a function of √ sNN. Based on the quark coalescence model, which can take into account the effect of quark density fluctuations on hadron production, a possible non-monotonic behavior in the dependence of the strange quark density fluctuation on √ sNN is obtained. This is in contrast to the coalescence model that does not include quark density fluctuations and also to the statistical hadronization model as both fail to describe even qualitatively the collision energy dependence of the ratio O K-Ξ-φ-Λ . Our findings thus suggest that the signal and location of a possible critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram, which is expected to result in large quark density fluctuations, can be found in the on-going Bean Energy Scan program at RHIC. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.DwThe main goal of the experiments on heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies is to study the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, especially those of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), the hadronic matter, and the transition between these two phases of matter [1][2][3]. Studies based on lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) calculations [4] and various effective models [5][6][7] have indicated that the transition between the QGP and the hadronic matter is a smooth crossover at vanishing baryon chemical potential (µ B ) but likely changes to a first-order phase transition at large µ B , with an associated critical endpoint (CEP) or a tricritical endpoint seperating these two transitions [8].Locating the position of the CEP in the QCD phase diagram is one of the most important issues in particle and nuclear physics. To search for this CEP, experiments have been carried out already at the Beam Energy Scan programs at SPS [9-12] and at RHIC [13,14] as well as planned at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) and Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICA).As suggested in Ref.[15], the QCD phase transition can be probed by studying the fluctuations of physical observables in relativistic heavy ion collisions. This is because enhanced long-wavelength fluctuations near the CEP can lead to singularities in all thermodynamic observables. In heavy-ion collisions, these fluctuations have been studied by using experimental data on an event-by-event basis and looking at event-by-event fluctuations [16,17]. For example, the fourth-order fluctuation of net-proton distribution had been measured in the BES program by the STAR Collaboration, and a possible non-monotonic behavior in its dependence on the center-of-mass collision energy √ s NN was observed [18].Also, large baryon density fluctuations are expected to be...

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“…The yellow band shown in the figure represents the high baryon density region ( √ s NN Besides the conserved charge fluctuations, the light nuclei production is predicted to be sensitive to the baryon density fluctuations assuming that the light nuclei is formed from the nucleon coalescence. Model calculations show that the yield ratio between deuteron, triton and proton, N t × N p /N 2 d is related to the neutron density fluctuations, thus can be used to search for the QCD critical point in heavy-ion collisions [164,165]. Experimentally, the STAR experiment has measured the production of deuteron As shown in Figure 11, non-monotonic energy dependence is observed for the yield ratio, N t × N p /N 2 d , in 0-10% central Au+Au collisions with a peak around 20-30 GeV [166][167][168].…”

Section: Beam Energy Dependence Of the Higher-order Cumulants Of Net-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

Luo

Shi

et al. 2020

Particles

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With the aim of understanding the phase structure of nuclear matter created in high-energy nuclear collisions at finite baryon density, a beam energy scan program has been carried out at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In this mini-review, most recent experimental results on collectivity, criticality and heavy flavor productions will be discussed. The goal here is to establish the connection between current available data and future heavy-ion collision experiments in a high baryon density region.Particles 2020, xx, 5 0 -5% 60 -80% 0 -5% Au+Au at RHIC Pb+Pb at LHC A. Andronic, et al., NPA834, 237(10) J. Cleymans, et al., PRC73, 34905(06) Lattice fits

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Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram

Cited by 124 publications

References 62 publications

Nucleosynthesis in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC via the Saha equation

Nucleosynthesis in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC via the Saha equation

Probing QCD critical fluctuations from the yield ratio of strange hadrons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

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