Light scattering by particles suspended in the sea: The role of particle size and density

Bowers, David; Braithwaite, K.M.; Nimmo‐Smith, W. Alex M.; Graham, George W.

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.004

Cited by 80 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4B). Bowers et al (2009) (Boss et al 2009c), whereas a large fraction of the particle mass might be contained in larger particles to which the C-Star is relatively insensitive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonal changes of b m p in a low-turbidity station in the western English Channel have been related to the composition of particulate organic matter, POM (Martinez-Vicente et al 2010). Bowers et al (2009) show that the variability of b m p in a shallow shelf sea dominated by mineral aggregates is mainly explained by changes in the aggregate apparent density, r ag (dry weight : wet volume ratio of material in the aggregate), whereas particle size has only little effect on b m p . Note that there is a difference between r ap and r ag .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 by defining the effective attenuation efficiency, Q ce , the mean attenuation efficiency of all particles weighted by area (Eq. 3.2 in Morel 1973;Bowers et al 2009):…”

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confidence: 99%

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In situ variability of mass‐specific beam attenuation and backscattering of marine particles with respect to particle size, density, and composition

Neukermans

Loisel

Mériaux

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

180

179

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This study analyzes relationships between concentration of suspended particles represented by dry mass, [SPM], or area, [AC], and optical properties including particulate beam attenuation (c p ), side scattering (b s ), and backscattering (b bp ), obtained from an intensive sampling program in coastal and offshore waters around Europe and French Guyana. First-order optical properties are driven by particle concentration with best predictions of [SPM] by b bp and b s , and of [AC] by c p . Second-order variability is investigated with respect to particle size, apparent density (dry weight-to-wet-volume ratio), and composition. Overall, the mass-specific particulate backscattering coefficient, b bp remains unexplained. Possible causes are the limitation of the measured size distributions to the 2-302-mm range and effects of particle shape and internal structure that affect b bp more than c p and were not accounted for.

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“…4B). Bowers et al (2009) (Boss et al 2009c), whereas a large fraction of the particle mass might be contained in larger particles to which the C-Star is relatively insensitive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ variability of mass‐specific beam attenuation and backscattering of marine particles with respect to particle size, density, and composition

Neukermans

Loisel

Mériaux

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

180

179

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“…Babin et al (1993) investigated the horizontal variability of the specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton (i.e., absorption coefficient normalized by concentration of chlorophyll + phaeopigments) in surface waters during the summer of 1989and 1990. Nieke et al (1997 reported high values (up to 3 m −1 ) of particulate beam attenuation coefficients (c SPM ) and inverse relationships between salinity, c SPM , and CDOM absorption coefficients (a CDOM ) based on measurements done during summer of 1990.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, four techniques have been proposed for characterizing particle size distribution (PSD) and/or chemical composition of SPM based on optical parameters: (1) optical proxies (e.g., the spectral slope of the mass-specific particulate absorption coefficient, γ , the spectral slope of the particulate absorption coefficient, Svis, and particulate backscattering/scattering ratio) Twardowski et al, 2001;Loisel et al, 2006;Estapa et al, 2012), (2) massspecific optical coefficients (e.g., mass-specific particulate scattering, backscattering and beam attenuation coefficients) (Bowers et al, 2009;Neukermans et al, 2012), (3) particulate volume scattering functions (Zhang et al, 2014), and (4) water-leaving polarized reflectance (Loisel et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of size fractions of suspended particulate matter in littoral waters of Québec

Mohammadpour

Gagné

Larouche³

et al. 2017

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Mass-specific absorption (a i * (λ)) and scattering (b i * (λ)) coefficients were derived for four size fractions (i = 0.2-0.4, 0.4-0.7, 0.7-10, and > 10 µm, λ = wavelength in nm) of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and with samples obtained from surface waters (i.e., 0-2 m depth) of the Saint Lawrence Estuary and Saguenay Fjord (SLE-SF) during June of 2013. For the visible-near-infrared spectral range (i.e., λ = 400-710 nm), mass-specific absorption coefficients of total SPM (i.e., particulates > 0.2 µm) (hereafter a SPM * ) had low values (e.g., < 0.01 m 2 g −1 at λ = 440 nm) in areas of the lower estuary dominated by particle assemblages with relatively large mean grain size and high particulate organic carbon and chlorophyll a per unit of mass of SPM. Conversely, largest a SPM * values (i.e., > 0.05 m 2 g −1 at λ = 440 nm) corresponded with locations of the upper estuary and SF where particulates were mineral-rich and/or their mean diameter was relatively small. The variability of two optical proxies (the spectral slope of particulate beam attenuation coefficient and the mass-specific particulate absorption coefficient, hereafter γ and Svis, respectively) with respect to changes in particle size distribution (PSD) and chemical composition was also examined. The slope of the PSD was correlated with b i * (550) (Spearman rank correlation coefficient ρ s up to 0.37) and a i * (440) estimates (ρ s up to 0.32) in a comparable way. Conversely, the contribution of particulate inorganic matter to total mass of SPM (F SPM PIM ) had a stronger correlation with a i * coefficients at a wavelength of 440 nm (ρ s up to 0.50). The magnitude of γ was positively related to F SPM i or the contribution of size fraction i to the total mass of SPM (ρ s up to 0.53 for i = 0.2-0.4 µm). Also, the relation between γ and F SPM PIM variability was secondary (ρ s = −0.34, P > 0.05). Lastly, the magnitude of Svis was inversely correlated with a SPM * (440) (ρ s = −0.55, P = 0.04) and F SPM PIM (ρ s = −0.62, P = 0.018) in sampling locations with a larger marine influence (i.e., lower estuary).

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Light beam attenuation and backscattering properties of particles in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea with relation to biogeochemical properties

et al. 2016

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This study reports the first results of the variability in light beam attenuation and the backscattering properties of particles and their controlling factors during the summer in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS), which are two typical shallow and semienclosed seas. We observe large variations in the particulate beam attenuation (cp) and backscattering coefficients (bbp); such variations are mainly attributed to changes in the total suspended matter, while the cross‐sectional area concentration shows tighter relationships with both cp and bbp. The mass‐specific beam attenuation ( cp*) and backscattering coefficients ( bbp*) vary more widely over about two orders of magnitude. The attenuation (Qce) and backscattering efficiencies (Qbbe) are important factors that control cp* and bbp*, which clearly separate all the samples into two types. Type 1 samples show low Qce and Qbbe and contain relatively high proportions of organic or large particles, while type 2 samples have high Qce and Qbbe and mainly contain relatively small mineral particles. The majority of the variability in cp* and bbp* within each type is related to the inverse of the product of particle apparent density (ρa) and mean diameter (DA); ρa plays a major role, while DA exerts only a slight impact. Overall, this study provides general knowledge of particulate beam attenuation and the backscattering properties in the BS and YS, which may improve our understanding of underwater radiative transfer processes, marine biogeochemical processes and ocean color algorithms.

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Light scattering by particles suspended in the sea: The role of particle size and density

Cited by 80 publications

References 24 publications

In situ variability of mass‐specific beam attenuation and backscattering of marine particles with respect to particle size, density, and composition

In situ variability of mass‐specific beam attenuation and backscattering of marine particles with respect to particle size, density, and composition

Optical properties of size fractions of suspended particulate matter in littoral waters of Québec

Light beam attenuation and backscattering properties of particles in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea with relation to biogeochemical properties

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