Light scattering by red blood cells in ektacytometry: Fraunhofer versus anomalous diffraction

Streekstra, Geert J.; Hoekstra, Alfons G.; Nijhof, Evert-Jan; Heethaar, R.M.

doi:10.1364/ao.32.002266

Cited by 84 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A red blood cell (RBC) has a size in the order of 10 times larger than the wavelength in the optical region, which means that neither Rayleigh scattering, consisting of an approximation valid for small scatterers compared to the wavelength, nor geometrical optics theory for large scatterers can successfully be applied. Instead, other approximate models such as Fraunhofer diffraction, Anomalous diffraction and Rayleigh-Gans-Debye scattering have been applied for red blood cells [21,33], as well as the exact solution of Maxwell's equations for a homogeneous or layered sphere, i.e. the Lorentz-Mie theory [16-18, 21, 31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-matrix computations of light scattering by red blood cells

Nilsson¹,

Alsholm²,

Karlsson³

et al. 1998

Appl. Opt.

119

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-matrix computations of light scattering by red blood cells

Nilsson¹,

Alsholm²,

Karlsson³

et al. 1998

Appl. Opt.

119

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“…6 The resulting equations that describe the anomalous diffraction for these ellipsoids are repeated here, and the theory is extended for the case of an arbitrarily oriented ellipsoid. Subsequently the anomalous diffraction by an ellipsoidal red blood cell is discussed.…”

Section: Angular Scattering By An Arbitrarily Oriented Ellipsoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previously published paper on this subject 6 the validity of the anomalous diffraction theory of van de Hulst 7 was shown for spheres with the size and refractive index of a red blood cell. This theory is accurate for spheres with size parameter (x >> 1 and with relative refractive index m in the range in which I m -<< 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Anomalous diffraction by arbitrarily oriented ellipsoids: applications in ektacytometry

1994

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Anomalous diffraction by an arbitrarily oriented ellipsoid with three different axes is derived. From the resulting expression the relationship between the shape of the ellipsoid and the intensity pattern is immediately evident: The axial ratio of the elliptical isointensity curve equals the axial ratio of the elliptical projected area of the ellipsoid. A comparison of anomalous diffraction with calculations performed with the T-matrix method reveals that the anomalous diffraction approximation is highly accurate for single ellipsoidal red blood cells. Application of the expression for anomalous diffraction by ellipsoids to a population of red blood cells shows that, even in a red-cell suspension as examined in an ektacytometer, the axial ratio of the isointensity curves is equal to the mean axial ratio of the red blood cells in the population. In ektacytometry this relationship between cell shape and intensity pattern is commonly assumed to hold true without reference to the light-scattering properties of the cells. The results presented here show that this assumption is valid, and we offer a profound theoretical basis for it by considering in detail the light scattering by the red blood cells.

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“…Examples of such simplifications include the spherical 2,7 and spheroidal 8 approximations of the RBCs' morphology made because of the ease with which the optical properties can be obtained from either the Lorenz-Mie theory or the extended boundary condition method (EBCM). Other examples of the simplifications are the use of approximate or semi-empirical scattering computational methods to compute the optical properties of more realistic RBC shapes, such as the Born approximation, 9 anomalous diffraction theory, 10,11 Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation, 12 and physical-geometric-optics approximation method. 13 As the numerical methods have gradually developed to solve Maxwell's equations, numerous publications are available on light scattering by RBCs using numerically rigorous methods including the discrete-dipole approximation (DDA), 14,15 finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) method, 16 boundary element method, 17 multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), 18 and discrete sources method (DSM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of light scattering by biconcave and deformed red blood cells with the invariant imbedding T-matrix method

Yang

2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. The invariant imbedding T-matrix method (II-TM) is employed to simulate the optical properties of normal biconcave and deformed red blood cells (RBCs). The phase matrix elements of a RBC model computed with the II-TM are compared with their counterparts computed with the discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) method. As expected, the DDA results approach the II-TM results with an increase in the number of dipoles per incident wavelength. Computationally, the II-TM is faster than the DDA when multiple RBC orientations are considered. For a single orientation, the DDA is comparable with or even faster than the II-TM because the DDA efficiently converges for optically soft particles; however, the DDA method demands significantly more computer memory than the II-TM. After the applicability of the II-TM is numerically confirmed, a comparison is conducted of the optical properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated RBCs and of normal and deformed RBCs. The spectral variations of RBCs' optical properties are investigated in the wavelength range from 0.25 to 1.0 μm. Furthermore, the statistically averaged phase matrix of spheres and biconcave RBCs are compared. Conducted numerical simulations suggest the applicability of the II-TM for the inverse light scattering analysis and radiative transfer simulations in blood. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Light scattering by red blood cells in ektacytometry: Fraunhofer versus anomalous diffraction

Cited by 84 publications

References 16 publications

T-matrix computations of light scattering by red blood cells

T-matrix computations of light scattering by red blood cells

Anomalous diffraction by arbitrarily oriented ellipsoids: applications in ektacytometry

Modeling of light scattering by biconcave and deformed red blood cells with the invariant imbedding T-matrix method

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