Light Scattering from Randomly Rough Surfaces

Abstract

A survey is given of a variety of effects that can arise in the scattering of electromagnetic waves from one-and two-dimensional randomly rough surfaces. The focus is primarily on multiple-scattering effects such as enhanced backscattering, enhanced transmission, satellite peaks, new features in speckle correlations and in second harmonic generation in reflection. Theoretical treatments of these phenomena are outlined, and experimental results illustrating them are presented.

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“…The multiple-scattering phenomena that arises in the scattering of light from surfaces is fundamental in nature and several models are described in the literature [72,73]. The simplest model to predict and explain the optical properties of colorant layers is the Kubelka-Munk (KM) theory [74,75].…”

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“…Scattering of light from a rough surface has been a subject of intensive study for many decades since all surfaces are rough to some extent. The studies have mainly been performed either from the material surface characterization perspective [14] or were efforts towards building perfect mirrors [15,16]. Broadly speaking, rough surfaces are typically characterized as "weak" or "strong" rough surfaces based on the "rms" roughness and characteristic length (correlation length) with respect to the incident light wavelength [16].…”

“…The studies have mainly been performed either from the material surface characterization perspective [14] or were efforts towards building perfect mirrors [15,16]. Broadly speaking, rough surfaces are typically characterized as "weak" or "strong" rough surfaces based on the "rms" roughness and characteristic length (correlation length) with respect to the incident light wavelength [16]. Strongly rough surfaces have characteristic lengths and rms roughness larger than the wavelength of interest.…”

“…Strongly rough surfaces have characteristic lengths and rms roughness larger than the wavelength of interest. Further details on surface roughness and scattering can be found in these references and references therein [15,16,17]. Together, the surface scattering and randomly distributed radiator angles especially for strong surface roughness can be of major consequence for the degree of polarization in the plane of observation as well as the angular distribution.…”

“…These studies were mainly concerned with very shallow angles ψ > 80 • and assigned the increase in radiation at shallow angles to diffraction radiation. Further, it is known from literature that scattering via surface electromagnetic waves or surface polaritons is not expected to play a major role for strongly rough targets [16]. Nevertheless, we have also considered a non-metallic OTR radiator to ascertain the contribution of surface plasmons for the detected radiation.…”